{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:50:57Z","timestamp":1790509857813,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]],"date-time":"1994-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":767750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Neutrophil oxygen radical production was studied in 18 limbs with class 2 or 3 venous disease and compared with that of nine normal limbs. Neutrophils were isolated from arm and leg venous samples. Free radical production was determined using chemiluminescence after stimulation with the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl\u2013leucyl\u2013phenyl-alanine (FMLP) or the ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The ratio of leg to arm luminescence was greater after FMLP stimulation in patients with venous disease median 1\u00b752 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1\u00b727\u20132\u00b760)) than in controls (median 0\u00b797 (95 per cent c.i. 0\u00b770\u20131\u00b712); P &amp;lt; 0\u00b701). These changes were not observed with PMA (venous disease 1\u00b716 (95 per cent c.i. 1\u00b705\u20131\u00b740); controls 0\u00b795 (95 per cent c.i. 0\u00b778\u20131\u00b724)). There were fewer FMLP receptors on activated leg neutrophils (median 20\u00b719 (95 per cent c.i. 3\u00b758\u201351\u00b742) fluorescence units) than arm neutrophils (median 36\u00b703 (95 per cent c.i. 13\u00b700\u201365\u00b728) fluorescence units; P &amp;lt; 0\u00b705), indicating an amplification of signal transduction. Intracellular calcium imaging demonstrated a larger release of calcium after stimulation of leg neutrophils (median 25\u00b70 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 15\u00b77\u201343\u00b79 per cent)) compared with neutrophils from the arm (median 8\u00b70 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 5\u00b76\u201316\u00b71 per cent); P = 0\u00b704), demonstrating calcium-dependent activation. Neutrophils in patients with chronic venous disease inappropriately produce more oxygen free radicals as a result of amplification of a calcium-dependent signal pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T20:38:26Z","timestamp":1172954306000},"page":"695-698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Inappropriate neutrophil activation in venous disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"R J","family":"Whiston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wound Healing Research Unit, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M B","family":"Hallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E V","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K G","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wound Healing Research Unit, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I F","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6638.1726","article-title":"Causes of venous ulceration: a new hypothesis","volume":"296","author":"Coleridge-Smith","year":"1988","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01659062","article-title":"The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in the management of venous (varicose) ulceration: a new approach","volume":"15","author":"Salim","year":"1991","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6638.1693","article-title":"White cell accumulation in dependent legs of patients with venous hypertension: a possible mechanism for trophic changes in the skin","volume":"296","author":"Thomas","year":"1988","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6730.972","article-title":"Oxpentifylline treatment of venous ulcers of the leg","volume":"300","author":"Colgan","year":"1990","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.7.1722-1729.1988","article-title":"Inhibition of the inflammatory action of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor (alpha) on neutrophil function by pentoxifylline","volume":"56","author":"Sulivan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib6","first-page":"665","article-title":"Position dependent neutrophil activation in venous disease","volume":"80","author":"Whiston","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/026835559300800404","article-title":"Lower limb neutrophil oxygen radical production is increased in venous hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Whiston","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(88)90406-5","article-title":"Reporting standards in venous disease","volume":"8","author":"Porter","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2160459","article-title":"Two distinct mechanisms for stimulation of oxygen-radical production by polymorphonuclear leucocytes","volume":"216","author":"Hallett","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib10","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Detection and Measurement of Free Ca2+ in Cells","author":"Campbell","year":"1979"},{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4160(90)90020-U","article-title":"Oxidase activation on individual neutrophils is dependent on the onset and magnitude of the calcium signal","volume":"11","author":"Hallett","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib12","first-page":"228","article-title":"Localised superoxide release by neutrophils can be provoked by a cytosolic calcium \u2018cloud\u2019","volume":"73","author":"Davies","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/30.6.443","article-title":"Single cell imaging reveals abnormal intracellular calcium signals within rheumatoid synovial neutrophils","volume":"30","author":"Davies","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024092814385586500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197803232981205","article-title":"Oxygen-dependent microbial killing (part 1)","volume":"298","author":"Babior","year":"1978","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of British Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.1800810522","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/81\/5\/695\/59408884\/bjs1800810522.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/81\/5\/695\/59408884\/bjs1800810522.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T14:39:05Z","timestamp":1727534345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/81\/5\/695\/6165449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800810522","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]]}}}