{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:32:13Z","timestamp":1786977133272,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,8,1]],"date-time":"1994-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":775699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Joint Research Board of St Bartholomew's Hospital and St Mark's Hospital"},{"name":"The St Mark's Research Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anterior sphincter repair for faecal incontinence related to obstetric trauma was performed in 55 patients: 32 with incontinence after delivery and 23 with late onset. Anal endosonography and physiological tests were performed before and after surgery. After a median of 15 (range 6\u201336) months, 42 patients had improved, 11 had not improved and two were awaiting colostomy closure. The postoperative squeeze pressure was increased (by 20 versus 5 cmH2O, P = 0\u00b705) and the external sphincter was more frequently intact (32 of 35 versus five of 11, P = 0\u00b7003) in those with a good outcome. Patients with an intact external sphincter had higher postoperative squeeze pressures (50 versus 20 cmH2O, P = 0\u00b7004). Patients with late-onset incontinence were older than those who developed incontinence soon after delivery (median 59 versus 32 years, P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001) and had longer pudendal nerve terminal motor latencies (2\u00b73 versus 2\u00b72 ms, P = 0\u00b703). Failure of repair is related to persistent external sphincter defects. Late-onset incontinence, even with a prolonged pudendal nerve terminal motor latency, does not preclude a good outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T16:03:15Z","timestamp":1172937795000},"page":"1231-1234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":253,"title":["Anterior anal sphincter repair in patients with obstetric trauma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"A F","family":"Engel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mark's Hospital , City Road, London ECIV 2PS,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Kamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mark's Hospital , City Road, London ECIV 2PS,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A H","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mark's Hospital , City Road, London ECIV 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