{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T02:23:49Z","timestamp":1769912629812,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,28]],"date-time":"2003-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1043712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transcranial Doppler (TCD)-directed Dextran 40 treatment after carotid endarterectomy reduces the rate of early postoperative thrombosis. This study assessed the efficacy of intravenous Dextran 40 at controlling symptoms and emboli before elective carotid endarterectomy in patients with recurrent or crescendo transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a prospective study, patients with more than 70 per cent internal carotid artery stenosis who had two or more symptomatic episodes within 30 days and TCD-detected microemboli were studied. Dextran 40 was commenced at 20 ml\/h and TCD was repeated to reassess the rate of embolization. The infusion was increased in 20-ml\/h increments until symptoms and emboli were controlled. The patient then had carotid surgery on the next elective list.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nineteen patients with internal carotid stenosis greater than 70 per cent, recurrent symptoms and TCD-detected emboli were studied. All patients had symptoms and emboli controlled with Dextran 40. One patient with both unstable angina (awaiting urgent operation) and crescendo TIAs died from a myocardial infarct before undergoing operation. Of the 18 patients who had an operation, one suffered a non-disabling stroke on the third postoperative day.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>TCD-directed Dextran 40 offers a safe approach to high-risk patients before elective carotid endarterectomy, and warrants further study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,29]],"date-time":"2003-01-29T15:33:23Z","timestamp":1043854403000},"page":"166-170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Control of emboli in patients with recurrent or crescendo transient ischaemic attacks using preoperative transcranial Doppler-directed Dextran therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"N S","family":"Lennard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coventry and Warwickshire County Vascular Unit, Coventry and Warwickshire University Hospitals, Walsgrave Hospital, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Vijayasekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coventry and Warwickshire County Vascular Unit, Coventry and Warwickshire University Hospitals, Walsgrave Hospital, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Tiivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coventry and Warwickshire County Vascular Unit, Coventry and Warwickshire University Hospitals, Walsgrave Hospital, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C W M","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coventry and Warwickshire County Vascular Unit, Coventry and Warwickshire University Hospitals, Walsgrave Hospital, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D J","family":"Higman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coventry and Warwickshire County Vascular Unit, Coventry and Warwickshire University Hospitals, Walsgrave Hospital, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C H E","family":"Imray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coventry and Warwickshire County Vascular Unit, Coventry and Warwickshire University Hospitals, Walsgrave Hospital, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070911280278300_bib1","first-page":"3","volume":"12","author":"Office for National Statistics","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Statistics Quarterly"},{"key":"2021070911280278300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.23.4.486","article-title":"Early clinical differentiation of cerebral infarction from severe atherosclerotic stenosis and cardioembolism","volume":"23","author":"Timsit","year":"1992","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021070911280278300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108153250701","article-title":"Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis","volume":"325","author":"North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021070911280278300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92916-P","article-title":"MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial: interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70\u201399%) or mild (0\u201329%) carotid artery stenosis","volume":"337","author":"European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021070911280278300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.21.6.848","article-title":"Prognosis of transient ischemic attacks in the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project","volume":"21","author":"Dennis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021070911280278300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.5.626","article-title":"Risk of ischemic heart disease in patients with TIA","volume":"34","author":"Heyman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2021070911280278300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(93)90410-N","article-title":"Crescendo transient ischemic attacks: a surgical imperative. 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