{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:30:11Z","timestamp":1792081811234,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,5]],"date-time":"2003-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Treatment of hepatolithiasis is complex and difficult. With the advent of biliary endoscopy and radiological intervention, percutaneous choledochoscopic removal of intrahepatic stones has become a well established procedure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Seventy-nine patients with intrahepatic stones that were removed by percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopy (PTCS) between 1993 and 2001 were studied retrospectively. The results of the procedure and the long-term outcome of these patients were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The success rate of choledochoscopic removal of intrahepatic stones was 76\u00b78 per cent. Complications occurred in 17 patients (21\u00b75 per cent). Removal of stones predominantly on the right side was difficult using this method. Cholangitis occurred in about one third of patients within 3\u20135 years after PTCS. For patients with a stricture, cholangitis recurred gradually over the years of follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intrahepatic stricture was the major determinant for the recurrence of stones or symptoms. Hepatic resection should be offered to these patients if the disease is localized in one liver segment or lobe. In other cases, percutaneous choledochoscopy and stricture dilatation is a useful solution, and may reduce further damage to the liver.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,30]],"date-time":"2003-10-30T11:16:43Z","timestamp":1067512603000},"page":"1409-1415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopic removal of intrahepatic stones"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"M-T","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S-H","family":"Wai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P C-H","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1962.01300200047004","article-title":"A study of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis","volume":"84","author":"Ong","year":"1962","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1995.01430020084016","article-title":"Current management and long-term prognosis of hepatolithiasis","volume":"130","author":"Chijiiwa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930415)71:8<2461::AID-CNCR2820710806>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"A reappraisal of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with hepatolithiasis","volume":"71","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900536","article-title":"Primary biliary stones: diagnosis and management","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(99)00109-X","article-title":"Comparison of treatments for hepatolithiasis: hepatic resection versus cholangioscopic lithotomy","volume":"189","author":"Otani","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(96)80071-7","article-title":"Surgical treatment of hepatolithiasis: long-term results","volume":"120","author":"Jan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420210134022","article-title":"Hepatic resection for hepatolithiasis","volume":"128","author":"Fan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib8","first-page":"597","article-title":"Choledochoscopic removal of retained biliary tract stones","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"1983","journal-title":"The Hong Kong Practitioner"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib9","first-page":"1224","article-title":"Postoperative choledochoscopic removal of intrahepatic stones via a tube tract","volume":"84","author":"Cheung","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(95)70234-2","article-title":"Percutaneous trans-hepatic cholangioscopic lithotomy for hepatolithiasis: long-term results","volume":"42","author":"Jan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199601000-00005","article-title":"Method, indications, and results of percutaneous choledochoscopy. A series of 161 procedures","volume":"223","author":"Ponchon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0720-048X(93)90101-R","article-title":"Percutaneous choledochoscopic biliary tract stone removal: experience in 645 consecutive patients","volume":"17","author":"Hwang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658880","article-title":"Limitations of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy in the removal of complicated biliary calculi","volume":"13","author":"Jeng","year":"1989","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.180.2.2068295","article-title":"Common bile duct and intrahepatic stones: results of transhepatic electrohydraulic lithotripsy in 50 patients","volume":"180","author":"Bonnel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(01)70405-1","article-title":"Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic treatment for hepatolithiasis: an evaluation of long-term results and risk factors for recurrence","volume":"53","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(95)70236-9","article-title":"Percutaneous trans-hepatic cholangioscopy and lithotripsy in the treatment of intrahepatic stones: a study with 5 year follow-up","volume":"42","author":"Yeh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/00129689-200106000-00004","article-title":"The benefits of a second transhepatic route in failed percutaneous management of difficult intrahepatic biliary strictures with recurrent hepatolithiasis","volume":"11","author":"Jeng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib18","first-page":"103","article-title":"Balloon dilatation of intrahepatic duct and biliary\u2013enteric anastomosis strictures. Long term results","volume":"79","author":"Jan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689910114","article-title":"Treatment of complicated hepatolithiasis with intrahepatic biliary stricture by ductal dilatation and stenting: long-term results","volume":"24","author":"Cheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01833723","article-title":"Recurrence of intrahepatic stones after an end-to-side choledochojejunostomy","volume":"24","author":"Akiyama","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib21","first-page":"43","article-title":"Choledochojejunostomy in the treatment of primary cholangitis","volume":"155","author":"Choi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)80837-2","article-title":"Appraisal of hepaticocutaneous jejunostomy in the management of hepatolithiasis","volume":"165","author":"Fan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710307","article-title":"Permanent-access hepaticojejunostomy","volume":"71","author":"Barker","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070911441654200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00827.x","article-title":"Subparietal hepaticojejunal access loop for the long-term management of intrahepatic stones","volume":"85","author":"Beckingham","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Surg"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.4327","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/90\/11\/1409\/36727066\/bjs4327.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/90\/11\/1409\/36727066\/bjs4327.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T21:13:27Z","timestamp":1625865207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/90\/11\/1409\/6143517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.4327","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,5]]}}}