{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:37:49Z","timestamp":1791275869123,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,27]],"date-time":"2004-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1077840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007872","name":"Bowel and Cancer Research, Academic Department of Surgery, The Royal London Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007872","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with colorectal cancer that display high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H) appear to have a better prognosis. This may be explained by the pronounced T cell infiltrate seen in MSI-H tumours that is related to a specific antigen-driven immune response. The nature of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancers was investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Quantitative fluorescent hydrolysis probe-based reverse transcriptase\u2013PCR assays were used to detect levels of mRNA specifying T cell markers in fresh frozen colorectal tissue from MSI-H tumours and those with little or no microsatellite instability (microsatellite stable (MSS) tumours). In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded sections to compare expression of the same T cell markers and the activation markers granzyme B and interleukin 2 receptor \u03b1-subunit (IL-2R\u03b1) in MSI-H and MSS tumours.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MSI-H tumours contained higher ratios of CD8\/CD3 mRNA copy numbers than MSS tumours (P = 0\u00b7016), confirming the cytotoxic nature of lymphocyte infiltrates in this subset of colorectal cancers. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry confirmed that MSI-H tumours contained more infiltrating lymphocytes than MSS tumours, as shown by increased expression of CD3 (P = 0\u00b7003) and CD8 (P = 0\u00b7008). Consistent with other studies, the lymphocytes in MSI-H tumours were activated as indicated by significantly higher granzyme B counts (P = 0\u00b7020) and a significantly higher level of expression of IL-2R\u03b1 (P = 0\u00b7017).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results support the hypothesis that MSI-H colorectal cancers may be more immunogenic than MSS tumours.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,23]],"date-time":"2004-03-23T13:33:23Z","timestamp":1080048803000},"page":"469-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":218,"title":["Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability are activated and cytotoxic"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"S M","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Banerjea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Feakins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Royal London Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S R","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S A","family":"Bustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Dorudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic 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