{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:34:31Z","timestamp":1773308071312,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,22]],"date-time":"2004-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1079913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Linder Trust, UK"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interleukin (IL) 13 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that reduces inflammatory cytokine production, and enhances monocyte survival and MHC class II and CD23 expression. The only report of IL-13 in human sepsis noted no increase in IL-13 concentration, in contrast to animal data. This study further examined the expression of IL-13 in relation to human sepsis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a prospective observational study of 31 patients (24 men) with sepsis or septic shock, high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) \u03b1 on admission, and on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 thereafter. IL-13 and IL-2 were assayed by standard ELISA, and HLA-DR on CD14-positive monocytes was measured by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-three patients developed septic shock. Monocyte HLA-DR levels showed greater depression and a slower recovery in shocked than non-shocked patients. The serum IL-13 concentration was significantly higher in the shocked group from admission to day 3, but subsequently decreased to levels similar to those in the non-shocked group. IL-13 concentrations were higher in non-survivors. The TNF-\u03b1 concentration was higher in those with septic shock than in those without. The TNF-\u03b1 level correlated with IL-13 concentration (rS = 0\u00b761, P = 0\u00b7002). The IL-13\/TNF-\u03b1 ratio was greater in patients with shock than those with sepsis only (P = 0\u00b7017). IL-2 was undetectable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In human sepsis and septic shock, IL-13 correlated with TNF-\u03b1 expression, but its effect on HLA-DR class II molecules remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,15]],"date-time":"2004-04-15T15:05:56Z","timestamp":1082041556000},"page":"762-768","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Interleukin 13 and inflammatory markers in human sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Collighan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P V","family":"Giannoudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, 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