{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:32:01Z","timestamp":1791329521467,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,29]],"date-time":"2004-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Association of Coloproctology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is an effective therapy for faecal incontinence. Published studies derive largely from single centres and there is a need to determine the broader applicability of this procedure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective data were collected for all patients undergoing SNS in the UK. Records were reviewed to determine the outcome of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In three UK centres 59 patients underwent peripheral nerve evaluation, with 46 (78 per cent) proceeding to permanent implantation. Of these 46 patients (40 women) all but two had improved continence at a median of 12 (range 1\u201372) months. Faecal incontinence improved from a median (range) of 7\u00b75 (1\u201378) to 1 (0\u201339) episodes per week (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). Urgency improved in all but five of 39 patients in whom ability to defer defaecation was determined, improving from a median of 1 (range 0\u20135) to 10 (range from 1 to more than 15) min (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). Maximum anal squeeze pressure and sensory function to rectal distension changed significantly. Significant improvement occurred in general health (P = 0\u00b7024), mental health (P = 0\u00b7008), emotional role (P = 0\u00b7034), social function (P = 0\u00b7013) and vitality (P = 0\u00b7009) subscales of the Short Form 36 health survey questionnaire. There were no major complications. One implant was removed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SNS is a safe and effective treatment, in the medium to long term, for faecal incontinence when conservative treatment has failed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,29]],"date-time":"2004-03-29T16:02:10Z","timestamp":1080576130000},"page":"755-761","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence in the UK"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"M E D","family":"Jarrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J S","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G S","family":"Duthie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R J","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Kamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070907153079100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.01039.x","article-title":"Anal sphincter biofeedback and pelvic floor exercises for faecal incontinence in adults\u2014a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Norton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2021070907153079100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.12968\/hosp.2001.62.9.1643","article-title":"Non-surgical treatment of faecal incontinence","volume":"62","author":"Cheetham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hosp Med"},{"key":"2021070907153079100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810853","article-title":"Anterior anal sphincter repair in patients with obstetric trauma","volume":"81","author":"Engel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070907153079100_bib4","first-page":"37","article-title":"The role of overlapping sphincteroplasty in traumatic fecal incontinence","volume":"47","author":"Barisic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Chir Iugosl"},{"key":"2021070907153079100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05218-6","article-title":"Long-term results of overlapping anterior anal-sphincter repair for obstetric trauma","volume":"355","author":"Malouf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021070907153079100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1159\/000018883","article-title":"Long-term results of anterior anal sphincter repair for fecal incontinence due to obstetric injury\/with invited commentaries","volume":"17","author":"Rothbarth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dig Surg"},{"key":"2021070907153079100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2001.00205.x","article-title":"Audit of anal-sphincter repair","volume":"3","author":"Morren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021070907153079100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02238008","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of dynamic graciloplasty for fecal incontinence: report of a prospective, multicenter trial","volume":"43","author":"Baeten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070907153079100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s003840050141","article-title":"Outcome of patients with an implanted artificial anal sphincter for severe faecal incontinence. 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