{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:06:53Z","timestamp":1780632413638,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,12]],"date-time":"2004-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1079049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite taking precautions, healthcare workers performing invasive procedures run a small risk of infection by bloodborne viruses. When injury occurs, the viral status of the patient is often unknown and testing requires informed consent, which may be refused. On the other hand, although the chance of transmission of infection from a healthcare worker to a patient is extremely small, such personnel have an obligation of disclosure and, if seropositive, are barred from performing invasive procedures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The medical literature on bloodborne virus transmission between carers and patients was reviewed, and the UK Department of Health, General Medical Council and Royal College of Surgeons of England guidelines on the risk management of these infections were read, along with secondary references from all sources.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients have complete protection of confidentiality and the right to refuse testing, but these rights do not apply to the healthcare worker. When injured in circumstances in which the patient cannot or will not permit testing, carers can only submit to the risks of prophylactic treatment or go into denial. Infection may have devastating professional, personal and financial implications to carers and their dependants. Ways to re-establish a just balance between the legitimate rights of patients and healthcare workers are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,23]],"date-time":"2004-03-23T13:33:23Z","timestamp":1080048803000},"page":"395-399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Infection of patients by bloodborne viruses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"P D T","family":"Tansley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Beresford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Risk, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Ladas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Goldstraw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Dusmet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070911484448600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/156.1.1","article-title":"Risk of transmitting the human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B virus to health care workers exposed to patients with AIDS and AIDS-related conditions","volume":"156","author":"Gerberding","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070911484448600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-104-5-644","article-title":"Risk of nosocomial infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III\/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in a large cohort of intensively exposed health care workers","volume":"104","author":"Henderson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2021070911484448600_bib3","first-page":"150","article-title":"Surgery and bloodborne viruses","volume":"12","author":"Jeffries","year":"1995","journal-title":"Public Health Laboratory Service Microbiology Digest"},{"key":"2021070911484448600_bib4","first-page":"1","author":"UK Health Departments","year":"1998","journal-title":"Guidance for clinical health care workers: protection against infection with blood borne viruses. 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