{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:54:38Z","timestamp":1778630078597,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]],"date-time":"2004-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1081814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dynamic graciloplasty (DGP) is an option in patients with end-stage faecal incontinence. The aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to assess early and late outcome after DGP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sixty consecutive patients with congenital (14) or acquired (40) faecal incontinence or who had undergone total anorectal reconstruction (six) underwent DGP. Patients were followed up for a median of 48 (range 13\u2013117) months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were no deaths; 75 complications that required 61 reoperations were observed in 44 patients. Loss of muscle stimulation occurred in 22 patients, more frequently after direct nerve stimulation. Evacuation difficulties occurred in 12 patients. Overall, DGP failed in 27 patients, of whom seven had stoma construction. At follow-up, continence to solid stool without stoma was obtained in 47 of 60 patients, although 26 required use of antegrade continence enemas or other measures. Functional outcome was related to the presence of a functioning DGP and a short delay (less than 50 days) of muscle training after transposition.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>DGP is a major operation with a high morbidity rate; it requires experience and early muscle training. The outcome after DGP should be compared prospectively with that after implantation of an artificial sphincter or other less expensive alternatives.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]],"date-time":"2004-04-13T13:42:33Z","timestamp":1081863753000},"page":"872-878","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Belgian experience with dynamic graciloplasty for faecal incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Penninckx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Section of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Belgian Society of Surgery, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92030-6","article-title":"Dynamic graciloplasty for treatment of faecal incontinence","volume":"338","author":"Baeten","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92031-V","article-title":"Development of an electrically stimulated neoanal sphincter","volume":"338","author":"Williams","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02052207","article-title":"Restoration of gastrointestinal continuity and continence after abdominoperineal excision of the rectum using an electrically stimulated neoanal sphincter","volume":"33","author":"Williams","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70176-9","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of dynamic muscle plasty for anal incontinence: lessons from a prospective multicenter trial","volume":"116","author":"Madoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050307","article-title":"Etiology and management of fecal incontinence","volume":"36","author":"Jorge","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199506153322403","article-title":"Anal dynamic graciloplasty in the treatment of intractable fecal incontinence","volume":"332","author":"Baeten","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s001040050674","article-title":"Analer Schlie\u00dfmuskelersatz mittels dynamischer Gracilisplastik-ergebnisse der anwendung an 50 Patienten","volume":"70","author":"Rosen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02053991","article-title":"Dynamic graciloplasty. Complications and management","volume":"39","author":"Geerdes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02054681","article-title":"Stimulated gracilis neosphincter operation: initial experience, pitfalls and complications","volume":"39","author":"Wexner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1999.01285.x","article-title":"Preliminary results of a multicentre trial of the electrically stimulated gracilis neoanal sphincter","volume":"86","author":"Mander","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02238008","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of dynamic graciloplasty for fecal incontinence: report of a prospective, multicenter trial","volume":"43","author":"Baeten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02234593","article-title":"Complications of dynamic graciloplasty: incidence, management, and impact on outcome","volume":"44","author":"Matzel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2002.02018.x","article-title":"Systematic review of dynamic graciloplasty in the treatment of faecal incontinence","volume":"89","author":"Chapman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236969","article-title":"Standards for anal sphincter replacement","volume":"43","author":"Madoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2000.01447.x","article-title":"Morbidity and functional outcome after double dynamic graciloplasty for anorectal reconstruction","volume":"87","author":"Rullier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1045","article-title":"Dynamic graciloplasty for fecal incontinence","volume":"21","author":"Baeten","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.77","article-title":"Prospective comparison of faecal incontinence grading systems","volume":"44","author":"Vaizey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02237236","article-title":"Fecal incontinence Quality of Life Scale: quality of life instrument for patients with fecal incontinence","volume":"43","author":"Rockwood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s003840050112","article-title":"Electrostimulated gracilis neosphincter for faecal incontinence and in total anorectal reconstruction: still an experimental procedure?","volume":"12","author":"Altomare","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s003840050204","article-title":"Total anorectal reconstruction by double graciloplasty: experience with delayed, selective use of implantable pulse generators","volume":"14","author":"Violi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib21","first-page":"341","volume-title":"The Pelvic Floor: its Function and Disorders","author":"Eccersley","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02055436","article-title":"Clinical value of colonic irrigation in patients with continence disturbances","volume":"40","author":"Briel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070911473979300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(98)90432-8","article-title":"The Malone (antegrade continence enema) procedure: early experience","volume":"33","author":"Wilcox","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.4568","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/91\/7\/872\/36729776\/bjs4568.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/91\/7\/872\/36729776\/bjs4568.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T21:16:01Z","timestamp":1625865361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/91\/7\/872\/6143624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.4568","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]]}}}