{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:21:14Z","timestamp":1788520874522,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,4]],"date-time":"2006-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) may be successful in treating incapacitating faecal incontinence. The technique is expensive, and no cost analysis is currently available. The aim of this study was to assess clinical outcome and analyse cost-effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty-six consecutive patients underwent a two-stage SNS procedure. Outcome parameters and real costs were assessed prospectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SNS was tested successfully in 33 of 36 patients, and 31 patients were stimulated permanently. In the first stage, eight of 36 patients reported minor complications (pain, infection or electrode dislocation), resulting in a cost of \u20ac4053 (range \u20ac2838\u20137273) per patient. For the second stage (permanent stimulation), eight of 33 patients had an infection, pain or loss of effectiveness, resulting in a cost of \u20ac11 292 (range \u20ac7406\u201320 274) per patient. Estimated costs for further follow-up were \u20ac997 per year. The 5-year cumulative cost for SNS was \u20ac22 150 per patient, compared with \u20ac33 996 for colostomy, \u20ac31 590 for dynamic graciloplasty and \u20ac3234 for conservative treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SNS is a highly cost-effective treatment for faecal incontinence. Options for further reduction of SNS costs include strict patient selection, treatment in an outpatient setting and using cheaper devices.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,4]],"date-time":"2006-10-04T13:28:24Z","timestamp":1159968504000},"page":"1411-1417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Outcome and cost analysis of sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"F H","family":"Hetzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, CH 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Bieler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, CH 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Hahnloser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, CH 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"L\u00f6hlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, CH 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P-A","family":"Clavien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, CH 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Demartines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, 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