{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:19:28Z","timestamp":1774397968654,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,12]],"date-time":"2007-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1168560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Faecal incontinence is a life style-limiting condition with multiple aetiologies. Surgical cure is not often possible.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A review of the literature was undertaken using Medline, Cochrane database and standard textbooks. Advanced imaging techniques now inform the treatment algorithm and objectively assess success. The long-term outcome of anal surgery is uncertain. Modern approaches favour conservative measures, such as biofeedback, and less invasive surgical procedures. Stoma formation is a definitive option for some patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Current treatment of faecal incontinence is evolving from a sphincter-focused view to a more holistic one, recognizing the influence of the pelvic floor and psyche in maintaining continence. Modern imaging modalities direct treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,12]],"date-time":"2007-01-12T18:17:56Z","timestamp":1168625876000},"page":"134-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Faecal incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"D R","family":"Chatoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Unit, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S J","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Unit, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C R G","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Unit, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A V","family":"Emmanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Unit, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070911071242200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i20.3168","article-title":"Treatment strategies in obstructed defecation and fecal incontinence","volume":"12","author":"Khaikin","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021070911071242200_bib2","first-page":"1521","volume-title":"Incontinence","author":"Norton","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021070911071242200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0593-0","article-title":"The prevalence of faecal incontinence in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"47","author":"Macmillan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070911071242200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00407-0","article-title":"Faecal incontinence in the institutionalized elderly: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis","volume":"106","author":"Chassagne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2021070911071242200_bib5","first-page":"267","volume-title":"Incontinence","author":"Donovan","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021070911071242200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.4.480","article-title":"Leicestershire MRC Incontinence Study Team. 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