{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:35:33Z","timestamp":1792020933059,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate different surgical techniques for treating ingrowing toenails (IGTNs) and to determine the value of a locally applied antibiotic after intervention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One hundred and twenty-three patients with IGTN were assigned randomly to one of four groups. All patients had partial nail avulsion. This was combined with excision of the matrix or application of phenol, with or without local application of gentamicin afterwards. All procedures were performed by one physician. The primary outcome measure was symptomatic recurrence of IGTN.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One hundred and seventeen patients were available for follow-up. Phenol gave significantly better results than matrix excision with respect to recurrence (including regrowth and spike formation) after 1 year (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). In terms of signs of infection, there was no significant difference between phenol and matrix excision after 2 days (P = 0\u00b7224) or 1 week (P = 0\u00b7501). Antibiotics had no effect in reducing the risk of infection after 2 days (P = 0\u00b7989) or 1 week (P = 0\u00b7676), or in reducing the rate of recurrent IGTN at 1 year (P = 0\u00b7187). If regrowth or spike formation is included, the effect is even less significant (P = 0\u00b7876).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Partial nail avulsion with phenolization gave better results than partial avulsion with matrix excision. Local antibiotics did not reduce signs of infection or recurrence. Use of phenol did not produce more signs of infection than matrix excision.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T14:56:56Z","timestamp":1172156216000},"page":"292-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Randomized clinical trial of surgical technique and local antibiotics for ingrowing toenail"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"A M C","family":"Bos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M W A","family":"van Tilburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A A","family":"van Sorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J H G","family":"Klinkenbijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"142","key":"2021070911050729400_bib1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Onychocryptosis: principles of non-operative and operative care","author":"Murray","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2021070911050729400_bib2","first-page":"1431","article-title":"The ingrown nail","volume":"130","author":"Keeman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"2021070911050729400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18005022407","article-title":"The aetiology and out-patient treatment of ingrowing toe-nails","volume":"50","author":"Lloyd-Davies","year":"1963","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070911050729400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004519217","article-title":"Excision of the germinal matrix: a unified treatment for embedded toe-nail and onychogryphosis","volume":"45","author":"Fowler","year":"1958","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070911050729400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6183.168","article-title":"Gutter treatment for ingrowing toenails","volume":"ii","author":"Wallace","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2021070911050729400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710718","article-title":"Segmental phenolization of ingrowing toenails: a randomized controlled study","volume":"71","author":"Morkane","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070911050729400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800660818","article-title":"Ingrowing toenails: the results of treatment","volume":"66","author":"Palmer","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070911050729400_bib8","article-title":"Surgical treatments for ingrowing toenails","author":"Rounding","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"2021070911050729400_bib9","volume-title":"PS: Power and Sample Size Calculations","author":"Dupont"},{"key":"2021070911050729400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B3.2341458","article-title":"The treatment of ingrowing toenails. 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