{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:35:39Z","timestamp":1788870939110,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,19]],"date-time":"2007-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Quality Assurance Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011004","name":"European Society of Surgical Oncology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008359","name":"Maag Lever Darm Stichting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"(Dutch Digestive Diseases Foundation)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low anterior resection (LAR) may result in faecal incontinence. This study aimed to identify risk factors for long-term faecal incontinence after total mesorectal excision (TME) with or without preoperative radiotherapy (PRT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 1996 and 1999, patients with operable rectal cancer were randomized to TME with or without PRT. Eligible patients who underwent LAR were studied retrospectively at 2 years (399 patients) and 5 years (339) after TME.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At 5 years after surgery faecal incontinence was reported by 61\u00b75 per cent of patients who had PRT and 38\u00b78 per cent of those who did not (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). Excessive blood loss and height of the tumour were associated with long-term faecal incontinence, but only in patients treated with PRT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Faecal incontinence is likely to occur after PRT and TME, especially when the perineum is irradiated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,19]],"date-time":"2007-06-19T12:17:17Z","timestamp":1182255437000},"page":"1278-1284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Risk factors for faecal incontinence after rectal cancer treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"name":"cooperative clinical investigators of the Dutch Total Mesorectal Excision trial","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M M","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"den Dulk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E R","family":"Bossema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C P","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K C M J","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H J","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Klein Kranenbarg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C A M","family":"Marijnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C J H","family":"van de Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00603.x","article-title":"Improved survival in patients with rectal cancer: a population-based register study","volume":"85","author":"Dahlberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010580","article-title":"Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer","volume":"345","author":"Kapiteijn","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-71967-7_6","article-title":"Total mesorectal excision for cancer of the rectum","volume":"146","author":"Aeberhard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800691019","article-title":"The mesorectum in rectal cancer surgery\u2014the clue to pelvic recurrence?","volume":"69","author":"Heald","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(95)00160-K","article-title":"Rectal cancer: the surgical options","volume":"31A","author":"Heald","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(02)00040-3","article-title":"The role of total mesorectal excision in the management of rectal cancer","volume":"82","author":"Kapiteijn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2003.00439.x","article-title":"Anorectal function following low anterior resection","volume":"5","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-6317-7","article-title":"A national strategic change in treatment policy for rectal cancer\u2014implementation of total mesorectal excision as routine treatment in Norway. A national audit","volume":"45","author":"Wibe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91510-2","article-title":"Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer","volume":"i","author":"Heald","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800770512","article-title":"\u2018Close shave\u2019 in anterior resection","volume":"77","author":"Karanjia","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2003.00454.x","article-title":"Nationwide decline in annual numbers of abdomino-perineal resections: effect of a successful national trial?","volume":"5","author":"Engel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2005.05.004","article-title":"Quality of life and functional outcome following anterior or abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer","volume":"31","author":"Guren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2003.11.011","article-title":"Functional outcome after intersphincteric resection of the rectum with coloanal anastomosis in low rectal cancer","volume":"30","author":"Bittorf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s003840050042","article-title":"Anterior resection: do the patients perceive any clinical benefit?","volume":"11","author":"Ortiz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02054232","article-title":"Recovery of physiologic and clinical function after low anterior resection of the rectum for carcinoma: myth or reality?","volume":"38","author":"Williamson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.256","article-title":"Impact of short-term preoperative radiotherapy on health-related quality of life and sexual functioning in primary rectal cancer: report of a multicenter randomized trial","volume":"23","author":"Marijnen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.14.779","article-title":"Late side effects of short-course preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: increased bowel dysfunction in irradiated patients\u2014a Dutch colorectal cancer group study","volume":"23","author":"Peeters","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-005-0296-1","article-title":"Long-term effect of preoperative radiation therapy on anorectal function","volume":"49","author":"Pollack","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(04)94870-1","article-title":"Long-term functional results after sphincter-saving resection for rectal cancer","volume":"28","author":"Bretagnol","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200102000-00001","article-title":"Comparison of quality of life in patients undergoing abdominoperineal extirpation or anterior resection for rectal cancer","volume":"233","author":"Grumann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2003.00480.x","article-title":"Pre-operative short-course radiotherapy is associated with faecal incontinence after anterior resection","volume":"5","author":"Welsh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0772-z","article-title":"Functional and physiologic assessment of the colonic reservoir or side-to-end anastomosis after low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a two-year follow-up","volume":"48","author":"Machado","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02054438","article-title":"A pilot study of factors influencing bowel function after colorectal anastomosis","volume":"39","author":"Graf","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2003.00399.x","article-title":"A 5-cm colonic J pouch colo-anal reconstruction following anterior resection for low rectal cancer results in acceptable evacuation and continence in the long term","volume":"5","author":"Amin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800821010","article-title":"Factors that influence functional outcome after coloanal anastomosis for carcinoma of the rectum","volume":"82","author":"Miller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-002-0442-3","article-title":"Functional outcome following low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision in the elderly","volume":"18","author":"Ho","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800790206","article-title":"Function of the distal rectum after low anterior resection for carcinoma","volume":"79","author":"Karanjia","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)80124-X","article-title":"Level of the anastomosis does not influence functional outcome after anterior rectal resection for rectal cancer","volume":"169","author":"Jehle","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-004-0158-1","article-title":"Manometric and clinical evaluation of patients after low anterior resection for rectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Efthimiadis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02055598","article-title":"Why do some patients experience poor functional results after anterior resection of the rectum for carcinoma?","volume":"38","author":"Lewis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s003840050086","article-title":"Continence after colorectal reconstruction following resection: impact of level of anastomosis","volume":"12","author":"Matzel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib32","first-page":"49","article-title":"[Colo-anal anastomosis: improvement of early function outcome by reconstruction with the colonic pouch.]","volume":"72","author":"Gotzinger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199607000-00009","article-title":"Randomized comparison of straight and colonic J pouch anastomosis after low anterior resection","volume":"224","author":"Hallbook","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0654-4","article-title":"Comparison of long-term functional results of colonic J -pouch and straight anastomosis after low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a five-year follow-up","volume":"47","author":"Hida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib35","first-page":"22","article-title":"[Comparison between colonic J -pouch anal anastomosis and straight coloanal anastomosis following low anterior resection of the rectum.]","volume":"142","author":"Keidar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib36","volume-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics","author":"Tabachnik","year":"1996","edition":"3rd"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2005.02.008","article-title":"Faecal incontinence: a late side-effect of pelvic radiotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Putta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060829","article-title":"Chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer","volume":"355","author":"Bosset","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800721107","article-title":"Correlation of clinical and manometric abnormalities of rectal function following chronic radiation injury","volume":"72","author":"Varma","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1323.2001.01809.x","article-title":"Anorectal injury following pelvic radiotherapy","volume":"88","author":"Hayne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000228510.08019.77","article-title":"Innervation of the pelvic floor muscles: a reappraisal for the levator ani nerve","volume":"108","author":"Wallner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021070907382732900_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0814-6","article-title":"Denervation of the neorectum as a potential cause of defecatory disorder following low anterior resection for rectal cancer","volume":"48","author":"Koda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.5819","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/94\/10\/1278\/36686554\/bjs5819.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/94\/10\/1278\/36686554\/bjs5819.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T14:40:57Z","timestamp":1625841657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/94\/10\/1278\/6156200"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,19]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.5819","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,19]]}}}