{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T16:38:17Z","timestamp":1761237497023},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,14]],"date-time":"2008-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1200268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Faecal incontinence is a socially disabling condition that affects a heterogeneous population of patients. There is no standardization of investigations, and treatment outcomes are variable. The major limitation for comparing the results from different studies is the lack of a pretreatment classification of incontinence. The aim of this study was to review the anorectal investigation findings and propose a simple, repeatable classification for faecal incontinence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients who had anorectal investigations for defaecatory disorders from February 2000 to September 2006 were analysed retrospectively. All patients had anorectal manometry, anal mucosal electrosensitivity testing and endoanal ultrasonography.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of a total of 1294 patients, 135 were excluded, leaving 1159 (460 continent and 699 incontinent) for analysis. The patients were divided into four groups: traumatic incontinence, neuropathic faecal incontinence, combined faecal incontinence and idiopathic faecal incontinence. The manometric variables and demographics were distinct in these groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with faecal incontinence can be classified into different groups with distinct pathophysiological variables. Such a classification system will enable comparison and interpretation of the outcomes of different studies and also help in the selection of patients for appropriate treatments.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,27]],"date-time":"2007-12-27T17:17:10Z","timestamp":1198775830000},"page":"222-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A classification system for faecal incontinence based on anorectal investigations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"D K","family":"Thekkinkattil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Coloproctology, The General Infirmary at Leeds , Leeds,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Coloproctology, The General Infirmary at Leeds , Leeds,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S G","family":"Stojkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Coloproctology, The General Infirmary at Leeds , Leeds,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P J","family":"Finan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Coloproctology, The General Infirmary at Leeds , Leeds,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P M","family":"Sagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Coloproctology, The General Infirmary at Leeds , Leeds,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Coloproctology, The General Infirmary at Leeds , Leeds,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024093006462420900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.10.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of fecal incontinence","volume":"126","author":"Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024093006462420900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S106","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.10.057","article-title":"Incontinence severity and QOL scales for fecal incontinence","volume":"126","author":"Rockwood","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024093006462420900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.10.015","article-title":"Surgical treatment options for fecal incontinence","volume":"126","author":"Madoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024093006462420900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-004-0693-2","article-title":"Can three dimensional endoanal ultrasonography detect external anal sphincter atrophy? 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