{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:24:16Z","timestamp":1792106656435,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,5]],"date-time":"2009-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1231113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Senter, an agency of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs","award":["TSGE3109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGE3109"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["920-03-368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["920-03-368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although infected necrosis is an established cause of death in acute pancreatitis, the impact of bacteraemia and pneumonia is less certain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cohort study of 731 patients with a primary episode of acute pancreatitis in 2004\u20132007, including 296 patients involved in a randomized controlled trial to investigate the value of probiotic treatment in severe pancreatitis. Time of onset of bacteraemia, pneumonia, infected pancreatic necrosis, persistent organ failure and death were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initial infection in 173 patients was diagnosed a median of 8 (interquartile range 3\u201320) days after admission (infected necrosis, median day 26; bacteraemia\/pneumonia, median day 7). Eighty per cent of 61 patients who died had an infection. In 154 patients with pancreatic parenchymal necrosis, bacteraemia was associated with increased risk of infected necrosis (65 versus 37\u00b79 per cent; P = 0\u00b7002). In 98 patients with infected necrosis, bacteraemia was associated with higher mortality (40 versus 16 per cent; P = 0\u00b7014). In multivariable analysis, persistent organ failure (odds ratio (OR) 18\u00b70), bacteraemia (OR 3\u00b74) and age (OR 1\u00b71) were associated with death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infections occur early in acute pancreatitis, and have a significant impact on mortality, especially bacteraemia. Prophylactic strategies should focus on early intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,17]],"date-time":"2009-02-17T06:18:37Z","timestamp":1234851517000},"page":"267-273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":304,"title":["Timing and impact of infections in acute pancreatitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"M G","family":"Besselink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H C","family":"van Santvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Boermeester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V B","family":"Nieuwenhuijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"van Goor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C H C","family":"Dejong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and NUTRIM, University Medical Centre Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A F","family":"Schaapherder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H G","family":"Gooszen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070910350389800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpa.0000236733.31617.52","article-title":"Trends in the epidemiology of the first attack of acute pancreatitis: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Yadav","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"2021070910350389800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.6.649","article-title":"Epidemiology of alcohol-related liver and pancreatic disease in the United States","volume":"168","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2021070910350389800_bib3","first-page":"59","article-title":"Trends in hospital volume and mortality for acute pancreatitis, 1997\u20132003. 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