{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:23:36Z","timestamp":1792142616389,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,12]],"date-time":"2009-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1236816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, recurrent, suppurative cutaneous disease. Despite its incidence, optimal medical or surgical treatment remains unclear. This review describes the disease, ranging from pathogenesis to treatment and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Articles were sourced from PubMed and Medline, using the MeSH terms \u2018hidradenitis suppurativa\u2019 and \u2018acne inversa\u2019. Selection of articles was based on peer review, journal, relevance and English language.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>On the basis of histological findings, the disease is now considered inflammatory and originating from the hair follicle; therefore, the term \u2018acne inversa\u2019 is favoured by some experts. The exact aetiology remains obscure but smoking seems to be a major triggering factor. Treatment should be individualized according to the site and extent of the disease. Absolute cessation of smoking is essential in the treatment of hidradenitis. Management with antibiotics or other medications may relieve early symptoms, but radical surgery may be necessary for control and to prevent recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,12]],"date-time":"2009-03-12T09:14:33Z","timestamp":1236849273000},"page":"350-360","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Hidradenitis suppurativa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"M G","family":"Buimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Wobbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J H G","family":"Klinkenbijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, and Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070906264098700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199812000-00003","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"91","author":"Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"2021070906264098700_bib2","first-page":"345","volume-title":"Acne and Related Disorders: International Symposium Proceedings","author":"Plewig","year":"1990"},{"key":"2021070906264098700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800731210","article-title":"Surgical treatment of perineal hidradenitis suppurativa with special reference to recognition of the perianal form","volume":"73","author":"Brown","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070906264098700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02624.x","article-title":"The pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa: a closer look at apocrine and apoeccrine glands","volume":"133","author":"Attanoos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2021070906264098700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03174.x","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa as a presenting feature of premature adrenarche","volume":"129","author":"Lewis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2021070906264098700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2001.00876.x","article-title":"Early-onset hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"26","author":"Palmer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2021070906264098700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02052316","article-title":"Perianal hidradenitis suppurativa. 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