{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:07:14Z","timestamp":1783508834419,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]],"date-time":"2009-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1256083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government Matching Grant Scheme"},{"name":"L & T Charitable Foundation"},{"name":"House of INDOCAFE"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Smad7, a protein that occupies a strategic position in fibrogenesis, inhibits the transforming growth factor (TGF) \u03b2\/Smad signalling pathway. In this study the therapeutic potential of exogenous Smad7 in preventing fibrogenesis in postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intra-abdominal adhesion was induced in a rodent model by peritoneal abrasion. Smad7 was delivered into the peritoneal cavity by a non-viral ultrasound\u2013microbubble-mediated naked gene transfection system. The effect of Smad7 transgene on adhesion formation was studied by measuring changes in TGF-\u03b2, fibrogenic factors, \u03b1-SMA and Smad2\/3 activation in the anterior abdominal wall.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four weeks after surgical abrasion, all rats developed significant peritoneal adhesion with enhanced TGF-\u03b2 expression, increased levels of extracellular matrix components and activated myofibroblasts, accompanied by decreased Smad7 expression and increased Smad2\/3 activation. In rats treated with the Smad7 transgene, the incidence and severity of peritoneal adhesion were significantly reduced, with biochemical downregulation of fibrogenic factors and inhibition of Smad2\/3 activation. Serial quantitation using magnetic resonance imaging revealed a significant reduction in adhesion areas from day 14 onwards.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ultrasound\u2013microbubble-mediated gene transfection provides timely targeted gene delivery for the treatment of postoperative peritoneal adhesions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]],"date-time":"2009-10-21T13:45:20Z","timestamp":1256132720000},"page":"1323-1335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Non-viral <i>Smad7<\/i> gene delivery and attenuation of postoperative peritoneal adhesion in an experimental model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J C K","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J S","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L Y Y","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E X","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K N","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Peritoneal adhesions. Incidence, cause, and prevention","volume":"24","author":"Menzies","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surg Annu"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2007.01358.x","article-title":"Consequences and complications of peritoneal adhesions","volume":"9","author":"van Goor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib3","first-page":"40","article-title":"Small bowel obstruction due to postoperative adhesion: treatment patterns and associated costs in 110 hospital admissions","volume":"83","author":"Menzies","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.12968\/hosp.2004.65.6.13736","article-title":"Medicolegal consequences of adhesions","volume":"65","author":"Ellis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hosp Med"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6143","article-title":"Peritoneal adhesions","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.6.577","article-title":"Evidence-based prevention of post-operative adhesions","volume":"7","author":"Johns","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2007.01343.x","article-title":"Postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion pathophysiology","volume":"9","author":"Duron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.6.547","article-title":"Peritoneal repair and post-surgical adhesion formation","volume":"7","author":"di Zerega","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.2.790","article-title":"Caenorhabditis elegans genes sma-2, sma-3, and sma-4 define a conserved family of transforming growth factor beta pathway components","volume":"93","author":"Savage","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90778-G","article-title":"Analysis of complications in patients treated with abdomino-pelvic radiation therapy for ovarian carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Fyles","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000014252.37680.E4","article-title":"Smad7 inhibits fibrotic effect of TGF-beta on renal tubular epithelial cells by blocking Smad2 activation","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000067632.04658.B8","article-title":"Inhibition of renal fibrosis by gene transfer of inducible Smad7 using ultrasound-microbubble system in rat UUO model","volume":"14","author":"Lan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3303040","article-title":"Ultrasound\u2013contrast agent mediated naked gene delivery in the peritoneal cavity of adult rat","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020028","article-title":"CD4+ T cells regulate surgical and postinfectious adhesion formation","volume":"195","author":"Chung","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21506","article-title":"MRI visualization of rodent liver structure and peritoneal adhesion with dialyzate enhancement","volume":"59","author":"Cheung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.03.076","article-title":"Micronized purified flavonoid fraction may prevent formation of intraperitoneal adhesions in rats","volume":"84","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007010121","article-title":"Smad7 transgene attenuates peritoneal fibrosis in uremic rats treated with peritoneal dialysis","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-003-9233-3","article-title":"Fewer adhesions induced by laparoscopic surgery?","volume":"18","author":"Gutt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib19","first-page":"60","article-title":"Intestinal obstruction from adhesions\u2014how big is the problem?","volume":"72","author":"Menzies","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.6.577","article-title":"Evidence-based prevention of post-operative adhesions","volume":"7","author":"Johns","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181656d4e","article-title":"Bioresorbable membrane to reduce postoperative small bowel obstruction in patients with gastric cancer: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"247","author":"Hayashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.12.084","article-title":"Adept (icodextrin 4% solution) reduces adhesions after laparoscopic surgery for adhesiolysis: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study","volume":"88","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2007.01345.x","article-title":"Biology of the peritoneum in normal homeostasis and after surgical trauma","volume":"9","author":"van der Wal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5890","article-title":"Sphingosine kinase 1 gene transfer reduces postoperative peritoneal adhesion in an experimental model","volume":"95","author":"Guo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1996.0355","article-title":"Formation of abdominal adhesions is inhibited by antibodies to transforming growth factor-beta1","volume":"65","author":"Lucas","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2003.10.034","article-title":"The effect of inducible nitric oxide synthase on postoperative adhesion formation in rats","volume":"117","author":"Pata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00429-9","article-title":"Adhesion formation of the parietal and visceral peritoneum: an explanation for the controversy on the use of autologous and alloplastic barriers?","volume":"69","author":"Wallwiener","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61190-X","article-title":"Experimental manipulation of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms significantly affects adhesion formation in a murine surgical model","volume":"167","author":"Gorvy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5576(99)00007-6","article-title":"Peritoneal fluid cytokine and eicosanoid levels and their relation to the incidence of peritoneal adhesion","volume":"6","author":"Chegini","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2001.113039","article-title":"Overproduction of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is associated with adhesion formation and peritoneal fibrinolytic impairment","volume":"129","author":"Holmdahl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(92)90280-D","article-title":"Effect of transforming growth factor beta on postoperative adhesion formation and intact peritoneum","volume":"52","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80303-7","article-title":"The MAD-related protein Smad7 associates with the TGFbeta receptor and functions as an antagonist of TGFbeta signaling","volume":"89","author":"Hayashi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080502500110","article-title":"Angiotensin II mediates high glucose-induced TGF-beta1 and fibronectin upregulation in HPMC through reactive oxygen species","volume":"25","author":"Noh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080702700520","article-title":"Effects of Smad7 overexpression on peritoneal inflammation in a rat peritoneal dialysis model","volume":"27","author":"Nie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.4.2818","article-title":"Blockade of TGF-beta signaling in T cells prevents the development of experimental glomerulonephritis","volume":"166","author":"Kanamaru","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh272","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling of human T cells is modulated by the ancillary TGF-\u03b2 receptor endoglin","volume":"17","author":"Schmidt-Weber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4984","DOI":"10.2741\/3057","article-title":"Smad7 as a therapeutic agent for chronic kidney diseases","volume":"13","author":"Lan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00197-6","article-title":"Albumin microbubble adherence to human coronary endothelium: implications for assessment of endothelial function using myocardial contrast echocardiography","volume":"30","author":"Villanueva","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V131197","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the peritoneal cavity among peritoneal dialysis patients, using the dialysate as \u2018contrast medium\u2019","volume":"13","author":"Prischl","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2272020490","article-title":"Functional\u2013morphologic MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide in acute and chronic soft-tissue infection: study in rats","volume":"227","author":"Kaim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2021070906263628200_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2005.03.029","article-title":"Novel gene switches for targeted and timed expression of proteins of interest","volume":"12","author":"Vilaboa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Ther"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbjs.6722","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/96\/11\/1323\/36648280\/bjs6722.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/96\/11\/1323\/36648280\/bjs6722.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T14:55:54Z","timestamp":1625842554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/96\/11\/1323\/6148358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.6722","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]]}}}