{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:46:07Z","timestamp":1792014367333,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Blast injury is uncommon, and remains poorly understood by most clinicians outside regions of active warfare. Primary blast injury (PBI) results from the interaction of the blast wave with the body, and typically affects gas-containing organs such as the ear, lungs and gastrointestinal tract. This review investigates the mechanisms and injuries sustained to the abdomen following blast exposure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MEDLINE was searched using the keywords \u2018primary blast injury\u2019, \u2018abdominal blast\u2019 and \u2018abdominal blast injury\u2019 to identify English language reports of abdominal PBI. Clinical reports providing sufficient data were used to calculate the incidence of abdominal PBI in hospitalized survivors of air blast, and in open- and enclosed-space detonations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sixty-one articles were identified that primarily reported clinical or experimental abdominal PBI. Nine clinical reports provided sufficient data to calculate an incidence of abdominal PBI; 31 (3\u00b70 per cent) of 1040 hospitalized survivors of air blast suffered abdominal PBI, the incidence ranging from 1\u00b73 to 33 per cent. The incidence for open- and enclosed-space detonations was 5\u00b76 and 6\u00b77 per cent respectively. The terminal ileum and caecum were the most commonly affected organs. Surgical management of abdominal PBI is similar to that of abdominal trauma of other causes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Abdominal PBI is uncommon but has the potential for significant mortality and morbidity, which may present many days after blast exposure. It is commoner after blast in enclosed spaces and under water.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,19]],"date-time":"2010-11-19T13:57:21Z","timestamp":1290175041000},"page":"168-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Abdominal trauma in primary blast injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Owers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust , Moorgate Road, Rotherham S60 2UD,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J L","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust , Moorgate Road, Rotherham S60 2UD,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J P","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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