{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:39:40Z","timestamp":1791315580803,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,9]],"date-time":"2013-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Percutaneous, transcutaneous and sham transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation was compared in a prospective blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who had failed conservative treatment for faecal incontinence were randomized to one of three groups: group 1, percutaneous; group 2, transcutaneous; group 3, sham transcutaneous. Patients in groups 1 and 2 received 30-min sessions of posterior tibial nerve stimulation twice weekly for 6 weeks. In group 3, transcutaneous electrodes were placed in position but no stimulation was delivered. Symptoms were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks using a bowel habit diary and St Mark's continence score. Response to treatment was defined as a reduction of at least 50 per cent in weekly episodes of faecal incontinence compared with baseline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty patients (28 women) were enrolled. Nine of 11 patients in group 1, five of 11 in group 2 and one of eight in group 3 had a reduction of at least 50 per cent in weekly episodes of faecal incontinence at the end of the 6-week study phase (P = 0\u00b7035). Patients undergoing percutaneous nerve stimulation had a greater reduction in the number of incontinence episodes and were able to defer defaecation for a longer interval than those undergoing transcutaneous and sham stimulation. These improvements were maintained over a 6-month follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Posterior tibial nerve stimulation has short-term benefits in treating faecal incontinence. Percutaneous therapy appears to have superior efficacy to stimulation applied by the transcutaneous route. Registration number: NCT00530933 (http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,9]],"date-time":"2013-01-09T13:53:22Z","timestamp":1357739602000},"page":"330-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Randomized controlled trial of percutaneous\n                    <i>versus<\/i>\n                    transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation in faecal incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"A T","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Unit, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Kalmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Unit, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, 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