{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:35:00Z","timestamp":1792031700120,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) has proven short- to medium-term effectiveness for the treatment of faecal incontinence (FI); fewer long-term outcomes have been presented and usually in small series. Here, the long-term effectiveness of SNS was evaluated in a large European cohort of patients with a minimum of 5 years' follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospectively registered data from patients with FI who had received SNS for at least 5 years from ten European centres were collated by survey. Daily stool diaries, and Cleveland Clinic and St Mark's incontinence scores were evaluated at baseline, after implantation and at the last follow-up. SNS was considered successful when at least 50 per cent symptom improvement was maintained at last follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 407 patients underwent temporary stimulation, of whom 272 (66\u00b78 per cent) had an impulse generator implanted; 228 (56\u00b70 per cent) were available for long-term follow-up at a median of 84 (i.q.r. 70\u2013113) months. Significant reductions in the number of FI episodes per week (from median 7 to 0\u00b725) and summative symptom scores (median Cleveland Clinic score from 16 to 7, St Mark's score from 19 to 6) were recorded after implantation (all P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001) and maintained in long-term follow-up. In per-protocol analysis, long-term success was maintained in 71\u00b73 per cent of patients and full continence was achieved in 50\u00b70 per cent; respective values based on intention-to-treat analysis were 47\u00b77 and 33\u00b74 per cent. Predictive analyses determined no significant association between pretreatment variables and successful outcomes. Risk of long-term failure correlated with minor symptom score improvement during the temporary test phase.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SNS remains an effective treatment for FI in the long term for approximately half of the patients starting therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T10:10:46Z","timestamp":1422871846000},"page":"407-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Long-term outcomes of sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"D F","family":"Altomare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Giuratrabocchetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C H","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Digestive Disease, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Duyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitari M\u00fatuaTerrassa, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Robert-Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Geneva Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K E","family":"Matzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chirurgische Klinik, Universit\u00e4t Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"De Miguel Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Hospital Virgen del Camino, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, St Vincent Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Ganio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gruppo Policlinico di Monza, Divisione di Chirurgia Colorettale, Clinica Santa Rita, Vercelli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Ratto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Devesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chirurgische Klinik, Universit\u00e4t Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021717280185100_bjs9740-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-013-1809-3","article-title":"Suffering in silence: a community-based study of faecal incontinence in women","volume":"29","author":"Alimohammadian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal 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