{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:59:40Z","timestamp":1791230380039,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate whether radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an alternative to surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the context of current guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included patients with normal portal pressure and serum bilirubin level who initially underwent liver resection or RFA for a single HCC of maximum size 3 cm. Between-group differences in cumulative rates of survival and recurrence specific for HCC were analysed in the entire cohort and in a propensity score-matched cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 604 patients were enrolled, 273 in the liver resection group and 331 in the RFA group. The 5- and 10-year HCC-specific survival rates for the resection and RFA groups were 87\u00b76 versus 82\u00b71 per cent and 59\u00b70 versus 61\u00b72 per cent respectively (P = 0\u00b7214), whereas overall 5- and 10-year recurrence-free survival rates for the corresponding groups were 60\u00b76 versus 39\u00b74 per cent and 37\u00b75 versus 25\u00b71 per cent respectively (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). In the propensity score-matched cohort (152 pairs), there were no differences in HCC-specific survival (hazard ratio (HR) 1\u00b703 for RFAversus resection; P = 0\u00b7899), whereas recurrence-free survival again differed between the treatment groups (HR 1\u00b775; P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). RFA was independently associated with poorer outcomes in terms of treatment-site recurrence-free survival (adjusted HR 1\u00b766; P = 0\u00b7026), but not non-treatment-site recurrence-free survival (adjusted HR 1\u00b715; P = 0\u00b7354).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although RFA carries a higher risk of treatment-site recurrence than hepatic resection, it provides comparable overall survival in patients with a single small HCC without portal hypertension or a raised bilirubin level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T06:24:40Z","timestamp":1447741480000},"page":"126-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Radiofrequency ablation as an alternative to hepatic resection for single small hepatocellular carcinomas"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"G-A","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Centre , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"Health Screening and Promotion Centre , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J H","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Centre , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M-J","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S Y","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Asan Liver Centre , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H J","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Asan Liver Centre , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y M","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Asan Liver Centre , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P N","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Asan Liver Centre , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K-H","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Asan Liver Centre , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S-G","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Asan Liver Centre , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H C","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Centre , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092914194453100_bjs9960-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61347-0","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"379","author":"Forner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092914194453100_bjs9960-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21933","article-title":"Sustained complete response and complications rates after radiofrequency ablation of very early hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: is resection still the treatment of choice?","volume":"47","author":"Livraghi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024092914194453100_bjs9960-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b977a5","article-title":"Is portal hypertension a contraindication to hepatic resection?","volume":"250","author":"Cucchetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2024092914194453100_bjs9960-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.091","article-title":"Neither multiple tumors nor portal hypertension are surgical contraindications for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"134","author":"Ishizawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092914194453100_bjs9960-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.12.001","article-title":"EASL\u2013EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"56","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver; 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