{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:05:21Z","timestamp":1790784321362,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochem Molecular Bio Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Biochemistry education faces persistent challenges in equipping students with the skills required to manage complex laboratory protocols, advanced instrumentation, and analytical procedures, particularly in high\u2010risk or resource\u2010intensive experimental settings. Traditional hands\u2010on training is constrained by limited access to equipment, safety concerns, and high operational costs, hindering institutions from providing realistic and scalable laboratory experiences. However, Digital Twin technology presents a transformative alternative. It creates simulations of real biochemical laboratories, providing immersive, scalable, and cost\u2010efficient environments unconstrained by physical limitations. This approach supports interactive, avatar\u2010mediated engagement that bridges conceptual knowledge with applied practice. In this study, we aimed to introduce BioDTLab, a custom Digital Twin framework for biochemistry education that integrates Virtual Reality, Internet of Things, robotics, data analytics, and an Artificial Intelligence (AI)\u2010driven Virtual Chat\u2010GPT Tutor. BioDTLab synchronizes physical and digital domains to provide high\u2010fidelity simulations of biochemical processes and instrumentation, while the AI\u2010driven Virtual Chat\u2010GPT Tutor evaluates student engagement, comprehension, and procedural accuracy. Our findings demonstrate that Digital Twin frameworks, such as BioDTLab, can redefine biochemistry education by making advanced experiential learning more accessible, safe, and scalable, while reducing reliance on costly physical resources. BioDTLab integrates immersive simulation, real\u2010time data synchronization, and AI\u2010driven feedback to provide a sustainable model for future science education that enhances conceptual understanding and practical competence. In addition, its adaptability makes it suitable for instructional models, such as the flipped classroom, where pre\u2010laboratory virtual practice can complement and enhance in\u2010person laboratory training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmb.70082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:17:31Z","timestamp":1790781451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Idea to Explore:\n                    <scp>AI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Supported Digital Twin Laboratory for Risk\u2010Reduced and Immersive Biochemistry Education"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1649-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihoon","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Political Science and Economics National Taiwan University  Taipei City Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhyung","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering POSTECH  Pohang Gyeongbuk Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3208773","article-title":"Digital Twins: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Challenges, Trends and Future Prospects","volume":"24","author":"Mihai S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","volume-title":"Summary Translation: Market Guide for Technologies Supporting a Digital Twin of an Organization","author":"Kerremans M.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/bmb.21892","article-title":"An Idea to Explore: Use of the Virtual Reality App Nanome for Teaching Three\u2010Dimensional Biomolecular Structures","volume":"53","author":"Berkmen M. B.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1002\/bmb.21341","article-title":"An Idea to Explore: Use of Augmented Reality for Teaching Three\u2010Dimensional Biomolecular Structures","volume":"48","author":"Peterson C. N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/bmb.21895","article-title":"Combining Face\u2010To\u2010Face Laboratory Sessions and a Computer Simulation Effectively Teaches Gene Editing and DNA Sequencing to Undergraduate Genetics Students","volume":"53","author":"Vedova C. D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2024.108784","article-title":"Applications of Augmented Reality (AR) in Chemical Engineering Education: Virtual Laboratory Work Demonstration to Digital Twin Development","volume":"188","author":"Zhou Z.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers & Chemical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"797","volume-title":"2020 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC)","author":"Mingshi L. I.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE\/ITMC)","author":"\u00d6rs E.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15174","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2024.3481670","article-title":"Designing a Process\u2010Oriented Digital Twin for Industrial Testing Laboratories","volume":"71","author":"Weidlich R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"Research on the Application of Digital Twin Technology in University Laboratory Safety Management","volume":"41","author":"Wen X.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Experimental Technology and Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Human Factors in Design, Engineering, and Computing","author":"Shin J.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","unstructured":"IATA \u201cCBTA Expansion Within the Aviation System \u201d2021 CBTA Expansion Within the Aviation System_Final Version https:\/\/www.iata.org\/contentassets."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci14050540"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","unstructured":"Schell Games \u201cHoloLAB Champions \u201d2018 https:\/\/schellgames.com\/portfolio\/hololab\u2010champions\/."},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app12178862","article-title":"Design of a Digital Twin Training Centre for an Industrial Robot Arm","volume":"12","author":"Erdei T. I.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1145\/3716368.3735257","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2025","author":"Lan R.","year":"2025"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/systems12030066","article-title":"Design and Implementation of Workshop Virtual Simulation Experiment Platform Based on Digital Twin","volume":"12","author":"Yan J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","first-page":"3535","volume-title":"Computer Aided Chemical Engineering","author":"Galeazzi A.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/s43588-025-00857-y","article-title":"Digital Twin for Chemical Science: A Case Study on Water Interactions on the Ag (111) Surface","volume":"5","author":"Qian J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Computational Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"373","volume-title":"International Workshop IFToMM for Sustainable Development Goals","author":"Haq I. U.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Automated Secure Computing for Next\u2010Generation Systems","author":"Dama\u0161evi\u010dius R.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.5220\/0010931100003364","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Advances in Educational Technology, Aet","author":"Kartashova L. A.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1039\/D4DD00330F","article-title":"Optimising Digital Twin Laboratories With Conversational AIs: Enhancing Immersive Training and Simulation Through Virtual Reality","volume":"4","author":"Taylor M. V.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Digital Discovery"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","first-page":"160","volume-title":"International Conference on Human\u2013Computer Interaction","author":"Son J.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.70181","article-title":"Mitigating Spatial Visualization Challenges in Materials Science Education Through a Low\u2010Cost Mobile Augmented Reality System","volume":"34","author":"Bernardini F.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Computer Applications in Engineering Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2025.1672081","article-title":"AI\u2010Powered Adaptive Learning Interfaces: A User Experience Study in Education Platforms","volume":"7","author":"Jamali H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Computer Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"Bayesian Regression Analysis of Junior High School Students' Mathematics Achievement: The Role of Study Duration, Gender, and Task Completion Time","volume":"4","author":"Magdalena M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMEA: Journal of Mathematics Education and Application"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","first-page":"263","volume-title":"European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning","author":"Muratet M.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44163\u2010026\u201001209\u2010z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17458","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97652-6","article-title":"AI Tutoring Outperforms In\u2010Class Active Learning: An RCT Introducing a Novel Research\u2010Based Design in an Authentic Educational Setting","volume":"15","author":"Kestin G.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Effectiveness of AI\u2010Powered Tutoring Systems in Enhancing Learning Outcomes","volume":"110","author":"Basri W. S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eurasian Journal of Educational Research (EJER)"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-025-13779-z","article-title":"Evaluating the Impact of AI\u2010Tutoring Versus Expert Human Instruction on Surgical Skills in Medical Students","volume":"30","author":"Sun Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1177\/1932202X251356326","article-title":"Augmenting Gifted Education Through Artificial Intelligence: A Four\u2010Dimensional Framework for AI Tutoring Integration","volume":"36","author":"Ecker J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Academics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities7010014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-23236-7_45","volume-title":"Optimization, Learning Algorithms and Applications","author":"Cascalho J.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594\u2010024\u201000469\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46328\/ijres.3362"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-51120-2_15","volume-title":"8th International Conference on Advancements of Medicine and Health Care Through Technology","author":"Nicu I. R.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1109\/LARS\/SBR\/WRE59448.2023.10333058","volume-title":"2023 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS), 2023 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR), and 2023 Workshop on Robotics in Education (WRE)","author":"Ribeiro C. E.","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bmb.70082","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bmb.70082","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bmb.70082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:17:37Z","timestamp":1790781457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bmb.70082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bmb.70082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bmb.70082","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-8175","1539-3429"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-8175","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-3429","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"bmb.70082"}}