{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:47:10Z","timestamp":1792583230356,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81911530166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81911530166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82303425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82303425"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochem Molecular Bio Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While biochemistry laboratory instruction continuously evolves to enhance student learning, effectively cultivating higher\u2010order thinking skills in complex experimental settings remains an ongoing challenge. By applying the Depth of Knowledge (DOK) model, we designed and implemented a comprehensive experiment titled \u201cDetermination of Temozolomide Content in Mouse Tissues Using High\u2010Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)\u201d for undergraduate bioscience majors. This experiment helps students understand drug tissue distribution mechanisms while filling a curricular gap in teaching pharmacokinetic analysis in complex biological samples. Based on the DOK framework, we designed a four\u2010level task chain\u2014Recall, Skill, Strategy, and Innovation\u2014shifting the pedagogical focus from basic technical training to the systematic cultivation of higher\u2010order thinking skills. Educational evaluation revealed high student satisfaction and demonstrated that the DOK\u2010based approach significantly improved students' higher\u2010order cognitive abilities, particularly in strategic analysis and innovation, compared to traditional instruction. Consequently, this study provides an effective practical case and a transferable paradigm for systematically fostering higher\u2010order thinking in science laboratory education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmb.70089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:33:32Z","timestamp":1792582412000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design and Practice of Undergraduate Biochemistry Experiments Based on the\n                    <scp>DOK<\/scp>\n                    Model: A Case Study of\n                    <scp>HPLC<\/scp>\n                    Quantification of\n                    <scp>TMZ<\/scp>\n                    in Mouse Tissues"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9113-7419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China\u2010Sweden International Joint Research Center for Brain Diseases, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2953-0339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maocui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China\u2010Sweden International Joint Research Center for Brain Diseases, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China\u2010Sweden International Joint Research Center for Brain Diseases, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China\u2010Sweden International Joint Research Center for Brain Diseases, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China\u2010Sweden International Joint Research Center for Brain Diseases, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China\u2010Sweden International Joint Research Center for Brain Diseases, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China\u2010Sweden International Joint Research Center for Brain Diseases, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China\u2010Sweden International Joint Research Center for Brain Diseases, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongkang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China\u2010Sweden International Joint Research Center for Brain Diseases, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China\u2010Sweden International Joint Research Center for Brain Diseases, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0463-1498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiefu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Center First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Medicine  Huaihua People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7438-0489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China\u2010Sweden International Joint Research Center for Brain Diseases, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Jinfeng Laboratory  Chongqing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Hunan University of Medicine  Huaihua People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China\u2010Sweden International Joint Research Center for Brain Diseases, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.54097\/ehss.v5i.2880","article-title":"Reform and Practice of Biochemistry Experiment 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B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Biotechnology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"886","article-title":"The Innovation and Reform of Biochemistry Experiment Course","volume":"38","author":"Kang Y. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemistry of Life"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/bmb.28","article-title":"HPLC Determination of Caffeine and Paraxanthine in Urine: An Assay for Cytochrome P450 1A2 Activity","volume":"35","author":"Furge L. L.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4012","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28104012","article-title":"Analysis of Chlorophylls\/Chlorophyllins in Food Products Using HPLC and HPLC\u2010MS Methods","volume":"28","author":"Mandal B. K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"457","article-title":"Determination of Three Isomers in Captopril API and Tablets by HPLC","volume":"43","author":"Shen Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Development and Full Validation of a Stability\u2010Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of the Anticancer Drug Temozolomide in Pharmaceutical Form","volume":"15","author":"Kap\u00e7ak E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e150861","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.150861","article-title":"Key Molecular Alterations in Endothelial Cells in Human Glioblastoma Uncovered Through Single\u2010Cell RNA Sequencing","volume":"6","author":"Xie Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.07.026","article-title":"Single\u2010Cell Dissection of the Human Blood\u2010Brain Barrier and Glioma Blood\u2010Tumor Barrier","volume":"112","author":"Xie Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac288","article-title":"Wnt Signaling Regulates MFSD2A\u2010Dependent Drug Delivery Through Endothelial Transcytosis in Glioma","volume":"25","author":"Xie Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro\u2010Oncology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4615","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.4615","article-title":"HPLC\u2010UV Method for Temozolomide Determination in Complex Biological Matrices: Application for in Vitro, Ex\u00a0Vivo and in Vivo Studies","volume":"33","author":"Michels L. 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L.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Language Arts"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.47134\/emergent.v3i4.50","article-title":"From Bloom's Taxonomy Into Webb's Depth of Knowledge: Enhancing Lesson Planning Strategies","volume":"6","author":"Masharipova F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emergent: Journal of Educational Discoveries and Lifelong Learning"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.26803\/ijlter.24.2.30","article-title":"The Cognitive Complexity of Technical Sciences: An Analysis Using the Depth\u2010Of\u2010Knowledge Level Scheme","volume":"24","author":"Mhlungu X.","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"J.Reed \u201cPerceptions of Teachers on the Implementation and Impact of Webb's Depth of Knowledge in Elementary Education \u201dPh.D. Dissertation (Lamar University\u2013Beaumont 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systematic Review of Revised Bloom Taxonomy, SOLO Taxonomy, and Webb's Depth of Knowledge (DOK) in Assessing Students' Historical Understanding in Learning History","volume":"3","author":"Weay A. L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Higher Order Thinking Skills in Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.20448\/edu.v9i4.5263","article-title":"An Analysis of the Learning Outcomes of the 2018 Geography Curriculum for 9th and 10th Grades According to Webb's Depth of Knowledge","volume":"9","author":"Demiralp N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Education and Training"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18122\/td.1995.boisestate","volume-title":"Cognitive Demand of Teacher\u2010Created Mathematics Assessments","author":"Schmidt M. 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