{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:48:52Z","timestamp":1789271332182,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,18]],"date-time":"2009-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1261094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tears have a significant role in antioxidant defense in ocular tissues and since their collection is quick and noninvasive, their analysis would facilitate monitoring of pathophysiological changes. However, their low volume and low content of antioxidants makes analysis difficult; methods of high sensitivity are needed. In this paper, we present a method for tear analysis of two antioxidant molecules (ascorbic and uric acid) and of a lipid peroxidation indicator (malondialdehyde) with capillary electrophoresis. Tears were collected with Schirmer strips, extracted with a low\u2010pH phosphate buffer, centrifuged through membrane filters and an antioxidant was added. They were stable at \u221270\u00b0C for 15 days. After pilot experiments, optimum electrophoretic separation was achieved in a 25\u2009m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> borate buffer, pH 10.0, containing 100\u2009m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> sodium dodecyl sulfate at 25\u00b0C and 20\u2009kV. The developed method has good repeatability (&lt;5% RSD), precision (&lt;15% relative error values) and high sensitivity (LLOQ values of 20, 2.3 and 2.5\u2009\u03bcM for ascorbate, urate and malondialdehyde, respectively). It was applied to the analysis of tears from healthy individuals and the antioxidant levels are in agreement with those obtained with other techniques. This method might serve as a tool to clarify the role of endogenous antioxidants in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,18]],"date-time":"2009-12-18T06:24:48Z","timestamp":1261117488000},"page":"852-857","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Tear analysis of ascorbic acid, uric acid and malondialdehyde with capillary electrophoresis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Constantine D.","family":"Georgakopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fotini N.","family":"Lamari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioanna N.","family":"Karathanasopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassiliki S.","family":"Gartaganis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos M.","family":"Pharmakakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikos K.","family":"Karamanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(01)00393-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1833-4_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in the human eye","volume":"39","author":"Behndig A","year":"1998","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(99)00042-9"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"3293","article-title":"Ascorbic acid concentration and total antioxidant activity of human tear fluid measured using the FRASC assay","volume":"41","author":"Choy CKM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"3130","article-title":"Water\u2010soluble antioxidants in human tears: effect of the collection method","volume":"42","author":"Choy CKM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2004.tb03142.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1991.7.253","article-title":"Snyder A and Coles WH. 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