{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T23:18:22Z","timestamp":1772666302295,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant associated with several diseases, such as nephrotoxicity. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound formed during glycolysis and reported to increase in kidney damage. Metformin is used as an MG scavenger in the clinic. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of Pb\u2010induced renal injury and the effect of metformin on Pb\u2010induced nephrotoxicity. Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, Pb, and Pb\u2009+\u2009metformin groups. Pb (250\u2009ppm) was administered in drinking water, and 50\u2009mg\/kg of metformin was co\u2010administered orally. After 28\u2009days, the levels of MG and its metabolite <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010lactate in urine, serum and renal tissues were examined. The elevation of renal MG (56.86\u2009\u00b1\u200917.47 vs 36.40\u2009\u00b1\u20095.69, <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u20090.01) and urinary <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010lactate (0.68\u2009\u00b1\u20090.28 vs 0.32\u2009\u00b1\u20090.13, <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u20090.01) was observed in Pb\u2010exposed rats compared with those in control rats. After co\u2010treatment with metformin, these phenomena were attenuated. In the present study, it was demonstrated for the first time that urinary <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010lactate might serve as the candidate marker for Pb\u2010induced nephrotoxicity in the clinic, and metformin might be a new therapeutic candidate for Pb poisoning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]],"date-time":"2016-10-14T19:32:45Z","timestamp":1476473565000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Accumulation of methylglyoxal and <scp>d<\/scp>\u2010lactate in Pb\u2010induced nephrotoxicity in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yu\u2010Shen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Chieh","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Yun","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia\u2010En","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien\u2010Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electro\u2010Optical Engineering National Taipei University of Technology  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih\u2010Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen\u2010Ai","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10541-005-0255-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02864.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198807000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"841","article-title":"Oxidative stress in acute intermittent porphyria and lead poisoning may be triggered by 5\u2010aminolevulinic acid","volume":"29","author":"Bechara E. J. H.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.1.198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3040751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)43646-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-1106-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/675714","article-title":"Chitosan prevents gentamicin\u2010induced nephrotoxicity via a carbonyl stress\u2010dependent pathway","volume":"2015","author":"Chou C. K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)30522-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000176723"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(86)90006-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Renal ultrastructure, renal function, and parameters of lead toxicity in workers with different periods of lead exposure","volume":"31","author":"Cramer K.","year":"1974","journal-title":"British Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00075.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.1.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2007.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00768-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05520.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-007-9535-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1980.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.2908"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590601010508"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2003.50035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-4-201208210-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2004.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.06.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2011.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-015-1547-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(92)90196-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005990050072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)65720-5","article-title":"Determination of glyoxalase activity","volume":"219","author":"McKinney G. R.","year":"1956","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(80)90076-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C400059200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197908023010505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(85)90088-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(88)90086-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3480607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1976.03270090055038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17638.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Methylglyoxal level in type\u20102 diabetes mellitus patients: A prospective, randomized and case control study at Tertiary Care Hospitals, Hyderabad, Pakistan","volume":"24","author":"Qureshi M. A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medical Forum Monthly"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20140014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.01.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-011-0568-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00329a050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00232a031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00263-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233711407240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357023051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2011.560595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","article-title":"Uric Acid Excretion","volume":"243","author":"Sch\u00fcck O.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Examination of Kidney Function. Springer: Dordrecht"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-5631-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011498108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Advanced glycation and the development of diabetic complications. Unifying the involvement of glucose, methylglyoxal and oxidative stress","volume":"3","author":"Thornalley P. J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2697(03)00283-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb47452.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHAM.0000029286.45788.ad"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-011-9268-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(83)90166-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20430"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI13505"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbmc.3869","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbmc.3869","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bmc.3869","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T23:31:21Z","timestamp":1760052681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bmc.3869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bmc.3869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bmc.3869","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-3879","1099-0801"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-3879","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0801","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]]},"article-number":"e3869"}}