{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T16:00:13Z","timestamp":1760889613194,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,16]],"date-time":"2018-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an old antimalarial drug that has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. Since hematic concentration of HCQ is closely related to the therapeutic response, monitoring the levels of the drug and its metabolites in the blood of HCQ\u2010treated patients helps the clinician in the evaluation of partial or complete unresponsiveness to treatment. We developed and validated a novel ion\u2010pairing HPLC\u2010FL method for the simultaneous dosage of HCQ, and its major metabolites desethylhydroxychloroquine, desethylchloroquine and bisdesethylchloroquine, after extraction from whole blood. This methodological approach was used for the analysis of real samples obtained from patients affected by SLE and undergoing HCQ treatment. The same samples were also analyzed using a previously validated LC\/MS\/MS method and data obtained with the two approaches were in substantial agreement with each other. Results presented in this work indicate that this approach can be successfully used to monitor the level of HCQ and its metabolites in the blood of various categories of patients (i.e. low and high responders, or those not adhering to the therapy). Comparison of HPLC\u2010FL and LC\/MS\/MS data confirmed the efficacy of the proposed method for routine clinical analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.4258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T17:17:56Z","timestamp":1524071876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Development of a novel ion\u2010pairing HPLC\u2010FL method for the separation and quantification of hydroxychloroquine and its metabolites in whole blood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Charlier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School in Hospital Pharmacy University of Salerno  Fisciano (Salerno) Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Pingeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry University of Salerno  Baronissi (Salerno) Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Dal Piaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry University of Salerno  Baronissi (Salerno) Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry University of Salerno  Baronissi (Salerno) Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Valentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Campania \u2018Luigi Vanvitelli\u2019, Rheumatology Section  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Filippelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry University of Salerno  Baronissi (Salerno) Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6066-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Izzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry University of Salerno  Baronissi (Salerno) Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-144"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91211-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120572"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.068676"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9673(90)85121-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2007.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.067835"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202322"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.151094"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203396005001041","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine during treatment of rheumatic diseases","volume":"1","author":"Furst D.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lupus, Suppl."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(92)80126-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317717631"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00339-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)27280-9","article-title":"Studies of the metabolism of some compounds of the 4\u2010amino\u20107\u2010chloroquinoline series","volume":"151","author":"McChesney E. 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