{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:47:24Z","timestamp":1760060844042,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]],"date-time":"2004-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The interaction of chlorpromazine and promethazine <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> has been investigated. The drugs were administered to the rabbit orally as a single dose (100 mg of each drug) as well as simultaneously with an interval of 15 min. The presence of multiple peaks at the separate administration of promethazine and chlorpromazine on the one hand, and increase of number of peaks, symbathic character of kinetic curves of mentioned drugs and its prolonged appearance in the systemic circulation of the blood by simultaneous administration on the other hand, may be explained by the intensive presystem metabolism and surface\u2010activity ability of these drugs, and by the periodic \u2018lassitude\u2019 of liver for their capture and elimination (either presystem or systemic). The micelle formation from these drugs in the gastro\u2010intestinal tract and formation of the mixed micelles on simultaneous administration were also taken into consideration. Chlorpromazine is more strongly captured by the liver at its \ufb01rst pass through it than promethazine, from comparison of pharmacokinetics of these drugs administered separately. Therefore, chlorpromazine on simultaneous administration occupies the sites of the liver which were covered by promethazine at single dose, thereby substituting promethazine and promoting its transferral into the systemic blood circulation. This results in a large increase in promethazine content in blood, additional peaks appear and the presence of promethazine in the blood is prolonged. The in\ufb02uence of chlorpromazine on the kinetics of promethazine is especially obvious when chlorpromazine enters the organism \ufb01rst and more easily occupies those sites in the liver which participate in the capture and elimination of both drugs. Concerning in\ufb02uence of promethazine on the kinetics of chlorpromazine, promethazine reinforces in some way the ability of liver to capture chlorpromazine, thereby intensifying the presystem metabolism of chlorpromazine and inhibiting its own metabolism. The analogous effect was observed in the study of the in\ufb02uence of promethazine on the kinetics of carbamazepine. Copyright \u00a9 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]],"date-time":"2004-10-07T09:00:31Z","timestamp":1097139631000},"page":"123-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Interaction of surface\u2010active drugs in rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Marina D.","family":"Rukhadze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maka M.","family":"Alexishvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maia V.","family":"Gonashvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya V.","family":"Sebiskveradze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.95.4.598","article-title":"Reappraisal of lytic cocktail","volume":"95","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"1271","volume-title":"Drug Information","author":"American Hospital Formulary Service","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600691234"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"166","volume-title":"Anticonvulsant Therapy","author":"Eadie MJ","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Micellization, Solubilization and Microemulsions","author":"Florence AT","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Clinical Pharmacokinetics","author":"Kholodov LE","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"497","volume-title":"Antiepileptic Drugs","author":"Levy RH","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Pharmacology","author":"Markova IV","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Medicinal Remedies (Lekarstwennye sredstwa)","author":"Mashkowsky MD","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0801(199911)13:7<445::AID-BMC909>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Influence of dose on the pharmacokinetics of promethazine in rabbits. Comparison of pharmacokinetics of promethazine and chlorpromazine","volume":"2","author":"Rukhadze MD","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"1154","article-title":"Scorpion Sting","volume":"37","author":"Santhanakrishnan BR","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1983.tb02935.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01501.x"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbmc.427","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bmc.427","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T19:04:36Z","timestamp":1760036676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bmc.427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bmc.427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bmc.427","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-3879","1099-0801"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0269-3879"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-0801"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]]}}}