{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:37:14Z","timestamp":1788932234784,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A range of conventional, i.e. maceration, percolation, ultrasonic assisted, Soxhlet and Soxtec extraction (STE), to advanced extraction techniques of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was utilized for the first time in order to optimize the extract yield and recovery of phenolics\u2014gallic acid (GA), rutin (RT) and quercetin (QT)\u2014quantified via ultra\u2010high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (UHPLC\u2013DAD). The effect of solvents (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010hexane, dichloromethane and methanol) and temperature (60, 80 and 100\u00b0C) upon extraction yield, phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS and DPPH) was studied, and the method was validated in commercial food samples from Saudi Arabia, China and India. A high extract yield with percentage recovery was observed for STE (1221.10\u2009mg\/5\u2009g; 24.42%) and ASE techniques (91.50\u2009mg\/1\u2009g; 9.15%) in methanol at 100\u00b0C. UHPLC\u2013DAD showed retention times (min) of 0.67, 1.93 and 1.90 for GA, RT and QT, respectively in the shortest runtime of 3 min. The yield for phenolics was higher for STE\/ASE (ppm): 15.27\/15.29 (GA), 85.24\/37.56 (RT) and 52.20\/33.40 (QT), respectively. In terms of antioxidant activities, low IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values (\u03bcg\/ml) of 1.09\/1.18 (DPPH), 2.11\/5.32 (ABTS) and 4.35\/7.88 (phenazine methosulfate\u2013nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) were observed for STE and ASE, respectively. Multivariate analysis for STE showed a significant (<jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic> 0.000) correlation for extraction type vs. extract yield and phenolics content; however, there was no significance for antioxidant activities vs. extraction type. ASE showed a positive correlation for solvent vs. extraction yield, phenolics and antioxidant activity; however, there was no correlation for extraction yield and DPPH activity. Principal component analysis for STE showed a major variability (52.02%) for extraction yield and phenolics in PC1 followed by PC2 (38.30%) for antioxidant activities. For ASE, PC1 (48.68%) showed a positive correlation for solvent vs. extraction yield and phenolics while PC2 (33.12%) showed a positive correlation for temperature and antioxidant activities. STE and ASE were the optimized extraction techniques for the garlic food sample while a significant effect of solvent and temperature was observed upon extraction yield, phenolics and antioxidant activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.4942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T04:15:20Z","timestamp":1594613720000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Optimization of extraction and quantification technique for phenolics content of garlic (<scp><i>Allium sativum<\/i><\/scp>): An application for comparative phytochemical evaluation based on cultivar origin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6490-8219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rizwan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niyaz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal, University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Al\u2010tarouti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Clinical Pharmacy Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatimah","family":"Aloufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Clinical Pharmacy Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"AlDarwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Clinical Pharmacy Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bayan","family":"Alalaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Clinical Pharmacy Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Badriah","family":"Alhanfoush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Clinical Pharmacy Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_119_18"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"1477","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and anti\u2010oxidant activity of the two plants Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew and Cedrela serrata Royle","volume":"27","author":"Ahmad R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.126021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox5010009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2019.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125740"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439822340.ch2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573407213666171024121712"},{"issue":"196","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","article-title":"A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength and limitation","volume":"4","author":"Azwanida N. 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