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However, its toxicity limits its clinical application, and less toxic Semen Euphorbiae Pulveratum (SEP) is often used clinically. To explore the possible mechanism of SE frost\u2010making and attenuation, this study used ultrahigh\u2010performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry to perform a comprehensive metabolomics analysis of serum and urine samples from rats treated with SE and SEP, and performed histopathological evaluation of liver, kidney and colon tissues. Meanwhile, the different metabolites were visualized through multivariate statistical analysis and the HMDB and KEGG databases were used to distinguish the differential metabolites of SE and SEP to reveal related metabolic pathways and their significance. In total, 32 potential biomarkers, 14 in serum and 18 in urine, were identified. The metabolic pathway analysis revealed that arachidonic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and seven other metabolic pathways were significantly altered. Importantly, compared with SE, SEP reduced the metabolic disorder related to endogenous components. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of lipid metabolism, intestinal flora metabolites, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism. This study provided new insights into the possible mechanism of SE freezing and attenuation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.5279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T20:14:43Z","timestamp":1637007283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Metabonomics analysis of semen euphorbiae and semen Euphorbiae Pulveratum using UPLC\u2013Q\u2010TOF\/MS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3018-4579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziye","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6092-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingrui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2223-8808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuzhu","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4467-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0860-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huinan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4314-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guimei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8493-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1403-1791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingqiu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4396-0274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9533-3737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3515-0338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanhua","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6142-0645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingzi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13193\/j.issn.1673-7717.2018.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","series-title":"Part One","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China","author":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Fu H. 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