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These TME stresses are linked to changes in histone post\u2010translational modifications (PTMs) such as methylation and acetylation, which lead to tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Hypoxic and acidotic TME cause changes in histone PTMs by impacting the activities of histone\u2010modifying enzymes. These alterations are yet to be extensively explored in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the most prevalent cancers in developing countries. Hypoxic, acidotic, and hypoxia with acidotic TME affecting histone acetylation and methylation in the CAL27 OSCC cell line was studied using LC\u2013MS\u2013based proteomics. The study identified several well\u2010known histone marks, in the context of their functionality in gene regulation, such as H2AK9Ac, H3K36me3, and H4K16Ac. The results provide insights into the histone acetylation and methylation associated with hypoxic and acidotic TME, causing changes in their level in a position\u2010dependent manner in the OSCC cell line. Hypoxia and acidosis, separately and in combination, cause differential impacts on histone methylation and acetylation in OSCC. The work will help\u00a0uncover\u00a0tumor cell adaptation to these stress stimuli in connection with histone crosstalk events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.5616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T20:03:50Z","timestamp":1678219430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acidotic and hypoxic tumor microenvironment induces changes to histone acetylation and methylation in oral squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Tajwali","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fizza","family":"Iftikhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafia","family":"Akhlaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2026-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Ghulam","family":"Musharraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"},{"name":"H.E.J. 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