{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:10:07Z","timestamp":1760141407937,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cannabis is the world's most used illegal drug. The main psychoactive component of cannabis is \u03949\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). To aid the identification of cannabis\u2010impaired individuals, a simple but effective workflow for reliable quantification of THC and its metabolites in oral fluid samples collected with the Greiner Bio\u2010One Saliva Collection System is presented. Sampling involves rinsing the oral cavity with an extraction solution containing a citrate buffer stimulating salivary flow. Sample processing targeted the cannabinoid fraction interacting with proteins and other insoluble constituents that can be separated by centrifugation. Approximately 50% of the total amount of cannabinoids included in the oral fluid was recovered from the obtained pellet by extraction with acetonitrile. Liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry was used for cannabinoid quantification. Fitness of the developed workflow for application in forensic and clinical cannabis testing was demonstrated by evaluating multiple performance parameters, including selectivity, linearity, limits of quantification (LOQs), accuracy, precision, matrix effects, extraction recoveries, process efficiencies and stability. Furthermore, sensitivity and specificity of the developed oral fluid\u2212based cannabis test was demonstrated by analysing 195 samples collected either from opioid addicts or persons suspected of driving under the influence of drugs. The accuracy of identifying a person with the presence of THC in blood was found to be 97.9%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.5651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T03:46:37Z","timestamp":1681443997000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A rapid and convenient sample preparation method for the analysis of cannabinoids in oral fluid samples"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Vera","family":"Reinstadler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Lierheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MVZ Medizinische Labore Dessau Kassel GmbH  Dessau\u2010Rosslau Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Boettcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MVZ Medizinische Labore Dessau Kassel GmbH  Dessau\u2010Rosslau Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"R\u00fcscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landespolizeidirektion Vorarlberg  Bregenz Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Tanzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landespolizeidirektion Vorarlberg  Bregenz Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Jenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landespolizeidirektion Vorarlberg  Bregenz Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adolf","family":"Zoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landespolizeidirektion Vorarlberg  Bregenz Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilhelm","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landespolizeidirektion Vorarlberg  Bregenz Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0963-8268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herbert","family":"Oberacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.119020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab064"},{"volume-title":"Cannabis and driving: Questions and answers for policymaking","year":"2018","author":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14862"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/9.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2020.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2016.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0609"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1514"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.177881"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02808.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac020361s"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/25.5.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c07472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2003.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/separations9110328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-018-1504-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2019.1635690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0an01379j"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2020.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18356\/9789210019545","volume-title":"World Drug Report (2022)","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bmc.5651","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:52:07Z","timestamp":1760057527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bmc.5651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bmc.5651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bmc.5651","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-3879","1099-0801"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0269-3879"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-0801"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e5651"}}