{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:35:50Z","timestamp":1790393750917,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011798","name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011798","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) technique using ultrahigh\u2010performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of spinosad (spinosyn A\u2009+\u2009spinosyn D), thiocyclam, and nereistoxin in cucumber was developed with mean recoveries of 93\u2212104%, relative standard deviations of \u22649%, and limits of quantification of 0.01\u2009mg\/kg. Field trials of spinosad and thiocyclam were performed in 12 representative cultivating areas in China. Field trial results indicate that spinosyn A and spinosyn D easily dissipated in cucumber with half\u2010lives of 2.48\u20136.24 and &lt;3\u00a0days, respectively. Nereistoxin was produced after thiocyclam application and was more persistent than its parent. The terminal residues of spinosad were all below the maximum residue limits (0.2\u00a0mg\/kg) in China, whereas the terminal concentration of nereistoxin (calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of thiocyclam), which was much higher than that of thiocyclam, was far beyond the maximum residue limits of thiocyclam in cucumber (0.01\u2009mg\/kg) established by the European Union. The predicted no\u2010effect concentrations of spinosyn A, spinosyn D, thiocyclam, and nereistoxin leaching into groundwater were estimated using China\u2010PEARL (Pesticide Emission Assessment at Regional and Local scales) models after application. However, the dietary (food and water) exposure risk quotient for different populations was below 1 with a preharvest interval set at 5\u00a0days after the last application, indicating that the application of spinosad and thiocyclam in cucumber was unlikely to pose unacceptable risk for human health. This study provides data for the safe use of spinosad and thiocyclam in cucumber ecosystem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.5659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:45:58Z","timestamp":1682037958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dissipation and dietary exposure risk assessment of spinosad, thiocyclam, and its metabolite nereistoxin in cucumber and groundwater for different population groups"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Hongfang","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agro\u2010product Safety and Nutrition Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanting","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agro\u2010product Safety and Nutrition Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agro\u2010product Safety and Nutrition Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agro\u2010product Safety and Nutrition Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Eco\u2010environmental Monitoring and Scientific Research, Administration of Ecology and Environment of Haihe River Basin and Beihai Sea Area, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agro\u2010product Safety and Nutrition Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agro\u2010product Safety and Nutrition Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongze","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agro\u2010product Safety and Nutrition Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0379-5040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agro\u2010product Safety and Nutrition Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-016-5291-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-015-1644-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201800631"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319.2021.1962318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"The dietary guidelines for Chinese residents","author":"Chinese Nutrition Society","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2019.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129595"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agen). (2005).Application of spinard to mint; banana plantain peanut; bulb vegetables; legumes vegetables forage fodder and straw of cereal grains (crop group 16); grass forage fodder and hay (crop group 17) and nongrass animal feed (crop group 18) and application of spinosad for control of fruit flies HED risk assessment."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"EU (European Union). (2019).SANTE\/12682\/2019. Analytical quality control and method validation procedures for pesticide residues analysis in food and feed."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"EU (European Union). (2022).EU Pesticide database."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es303525x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"FAO\/WHO(Codex Alimentarius Commission\/World Health Organization). (2004).List of pesticides evaluated by JMPR and JMPS \u2010 P. 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