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(LLA) in addressing kidney\u2010yin deficiency (KYD). Forty\u2010eight Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were divided into eight groups based on their weight. The KYD model was established by intragastric administration of levothyroxine sodium. Each group was administered the corresponding treatment for 15 consecutive days. The general condition of the rats during the treatment period was observed. In addition, the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and the ratio of cAMP to cGMP in the serum of rats from different groups were measured. Serum samples were analyzed using the ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)\u2010Orbitrap Fusion MS technique for metabolomics analysis. Compared with the model group, the general condition of the rats in the wine\u2010steamed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>L. lucidum<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> group (WL) and salt\u2010steamed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>L. lucidum<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> group (SSL) groups showed significant improvement. The serum levels of cAMP, cGMP, and the cAMP\u2010to\u2010cGMP ratio tended to return to normal. Metabolic analysis identified 38 relevant biomarkers and revealed 3 major metabolic pathways: phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; phenylalanine metabolism; and sphingolipid metabolism. The different processing methods of LLA demonstrated therapeutic effects on KYD in rats, likely related to the restoration of disturbed metabolism by adjusting the levels of endogenous metabolites in the kidney. The SSL demonstrated significantly superior effects compared with the other four types of LLA processed products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.5969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T07:39:06Z","timestamp":1723275546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of different processing methods of <i>Ligustrum lucidum<\/i> Ait. on kidney\u2010yin deficiency: a study based on pharmacodynamics and metabolomics research"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Shu\u2010ding","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co\u2010Constructed by Henan Province &amp; Education Ministry of P.R. China  Zhengzhou Henan China"},{"name":"Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9719-403X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co\u2010Constructed by Henan Province &amp; Education Ministry of P.R. China  Zhengzhou Henan China"},{"name":"Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue\u2010fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co\u2010Constructed by Henan Province &amp; Education Ministry of P.R. 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