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The immunomodulatory activities of the bioactive extractions and components were evaluated by NO inhibition rate; phagocytic index; IL\u201010, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20106 cytokines in RAW264.7 cells; and the relative proliferation rate of spleen cells. The total saponins (TS) and the grade 2 (<jats:italic>Xiaoxuan<\/jats:italic>, XX) of AR showed the strongest immunomodulatory activities. At the concentration of 40\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, the TS increased spleen cells proliferation by 48.0% and upregulated the level of IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20106. Cytokines in the XX\u2010treated group were at least 1.6 times higher than the control group. A total of 190 common peaks were detected in AR by ultrahigh\u2010performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole\u2010time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC\u2010QTOF\u2010MS). The multivariate statistical analyses revealed that 41 compounds were positively correlated with immune responses, and bioactive compounds were verified by using RAW264.7 cell assay. Subsequently, the contents of six compounds in different commercial grades were determined, and the results showed the same trend in contents and activities. Finally, calycosin\u20107\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010D\u2010glucoside, astragaloside IV, astragaloside II, astragaloside I, isomucronulatol\u20107\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucoside, and 9,10\u2010dimethoxypterocarpan\u20103\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucoside were screened out as immunomodulatory Q\u2010markers of AR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.6015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T10:19:40Z","timestamp":1728555580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Screening immunomodulatory Q\u2010markers in Astragali Radix based on UHPLC\u2010QTOF\u2010MS analysis and spectrum\u2013effect relationship"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4908-810X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1225-6842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lirong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengrong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xujiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Institute of Drug Control  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingshun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Institute of Drug Control  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingrong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Institute of Drug Control  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yawen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo8040078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10090349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190412.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2022.104098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Commission C. 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