{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:47:46Z","timestamp":1760060866771,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Astragali Radix (AR) is one of the monarch drugs of Fangji Huangqi decoction and has the effects of inducing diuresis to alleviate edema, tonifying and strengthening the body. However, there is a paucity of research regarding the effective fraction and the underlying metabolic mechanism of AR on nephrotic syndrome (NS). This work aims to elucidate the potential mechanisms of AR treating NS, as well as to identify effective part and components. Firstly, body weight, kidney index, 24\u2010h urea protein, and biochemical parameters were used to confirm the kidney injury. The most effective part of AR was determined based on the indicators above. Then, <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H NMR, UHPLC\u2010QTOF\/MS, and GC\u2010MS\u2010based metabolomic approaches were used to investigate differential metabolites closely associated with the effective part against NS. A \u201cC\u2010T\u2010P\u2010D\u201d network (a network diagram of \u201cTCM prescription\u2013herbs\u2013components\u2013targets\u2013metabolites\u2013pathways\u2013disease\u201d) was constructed by intersecting the targets of differential metabolites with those of AR treating NS. The efficacy indicators determined the <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010butanol part of AR as the best effective part. Multiplatform metabolomics and network pharmacology study indicated that the potential mechanism for treating NS may be related to targets (MIF, SRC, and GBA) and metabolic pathways (citrate cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and glycolysis\/gluconeogenesis).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.6054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T18:05:34Z","timestamp":1734890734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Investigation of the Potential Material Basis and Mechanism of Astragali Radix Against Adriamycin\u2010Induced Nephropathy Model Rat by <sup>1<\/sup>H NMR and MS\u2010Based Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5793-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiping","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanxi University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanxi University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanxi University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wangning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanxi University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0020-3364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuemei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanxi University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467\u2010006\u20100366\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1351000213y.0000000048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440\u20101797.2006.00592.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Oxidative Stress Status in Adults With Nephrotic Syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Bulucu F.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Nephrology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190958"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ait.2022.122549"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Cui T.2021. \u201cThe Effect of the Serum Containing Astragalus n\u2010Butanol Part on Podocyte Injury Induced by Adriamycin.\u201d Shanxi University."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b00885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.153027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.742072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S327433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"1439","article-title":"Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Aqueous Extract From Huang qi on Doxorubicin Induced Nephropathy in Rats Using Transcriptome Sequencing Technique","volume":"54","author":"He S. 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