{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T12:54:59Z","timestamp":1764420899042,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82373938","82204585"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82373938","82204585"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFF1202600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1202600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The total flavonoid extract of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Lithocarpus\u2009litseifolius<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (Hance) Chun (TFLLC), a medicinal and edible plant of the Fagaceae family, has been developed as a preclinical drug candidate in China due to its hypoglycemic effect. The metabolism of TFLLC is closely associated with both its pharmacological activity and potential toxicity. This study investigated the in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo metabolism of TFLLC, which mainly comprises phlorizin and trilobatin. Ultrahigh\u2010performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV spectrometry and high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC\u2013UV\u2013HRMS) was used to detect and characterize TFLLC metabolites in rats following oral administration at 50\u2009mg\/kg. TFLLC underwent extensive metabolic transformation, and 13 metabolites were identified. The major drug\u2010related substances included phloretin\u2014derived from glycosidic cleavage of phlorizin and trilobatin\u2014and its conjugated derivatives, such as glucuronidated metabolite M450, sulfated metabolite M354, and dual\u2010conjugated metabolite M530. These metabolites were primarily excreted in bile and urine. Intestinal incubation studies confirmed that phloretin formation could occur in the gut. These findings provide a pharmacokinetic basis to support the pharmacodynamic interpretation and future drug development of TFLLC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T23:57:52Z","timestamp":1762819072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolism of the Total Flavonoid Extract of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Lithocarpus\u2009litseifolius<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    (Hance) Chun in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai China"},{"name":"XenoFinder Co. Ltd.  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chongzhuang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"XenoFinder Co. Ltd.  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