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The current study aimed to investigate CF's anti\u2010UC bioactivity and elucidate its bioactive constituents via chromatographic analysis, in\u00a0vitro\/in vivo tests, and spectrum\u2010effect analysis. Results showed 10 batches of CF inhibited the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2013stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. High\u2010performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint profiles of the 10 batches were established, with 16 common peaks identified. Subsequently, 15 of these peaks (including eight reference\u2010validated compounds) were characterized by ultraperformance liquid chromatography\u2010quadrupole time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry (UPLC\u2010Q\/TOF\u2010MS). Four anti\u2010UC\u2010related compounds were identified via spectrum\u2010effect relationships, namely, diosmin, xanthotoxol, imperatorin, and osthole. Experimental verification confirmed these as key components potentially linked to alleviating inflammatory responses in UC. This study is the first to establish a spectrum\u2010effect relationship for CF's anti\u2010UC effects, identify its critical active constituents, and provide a scientific basis for CF quality control and UC therapeutic development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T03:41:56Z","timestamp":1766720516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identifying Active Compounds in Cnidii Fructus Against Ulcerative Colitis: Integration of Chromatographic Analysis, Spectrum\u2010Effect Relationship, and In\u00a0Vitro\/In Vivo Experiments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4540-7339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of pharmacy Hebei University of Chinese Medicine  Shijiazhuang Hebei 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