{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T15:51:07Z","timestamp":1766073067039,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ephedra and Houttuynia Herb Powder (MHYXD) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula widely used in veterinary medicine to treat respiratory infections, such as mycoplasma pneumonia in calves, although its active components and pharmacological mechanisms have remained unclear. To address this, the present study identified the bioactive compounds in MHYXD using LC\u2013MS, which revealed a total of 32 active compounds, with ephedrine, quercetin, and houttuynin being the most prominent. Network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches were employed to predict potential targets and pathways, indicating that MHYXD acts on multiple targets\u2014including TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, and TLR4\u2014and regulates the NF\u2010\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathways; molecular docking further confirmed strong binding affinities between key compounds and these target proteins. The antimycoplasma and anti\u2010inflammatory effects of key components were validated through in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo experiments, which demonstrated that MHYXD significantly reduced mycoplasma load and alleviated lung inflammation in calves. In conclusion, this study elucidates the multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway mechanisms of MHYXD in treating Mycoplasma pneumonia, thereby providing a scientific basis for its clinical application in veterinary medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T14:39:43Z","timestamp":1765982383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of Active Components and Multitarget Mechanism Study of Ephedra and Houttuynia Herb Powder in the Treatment of Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Calves"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0110-6802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanni","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guyuan Branch &amp; Institute of Animal Science Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences  Yinchuan Ningxia China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1210-4424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine Ningxia Medical University  Yinchuan Ningxia China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xicheng","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Disease Control and Prevention Center of Xiji County  Guyuan Ningxia China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youli","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guyuan Branch &amp; Institute of Animal Science Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences  Yinchuan Ningxia China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiandong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guyuan Branch &amp; Institute of Animal Science Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences  Yinchuan Ningxia China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guyuan Branch &amp; Institute of Animal Science Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences  Yinchuan Ningxia China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010021\u201006508\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2016.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11369"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X251315033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1322267"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11110542"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175425"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319382"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv136"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Life\u2010Threatening Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia Following Treatment of Severe Cushing's Syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Oosterhuis J. K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Netherlands Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00177"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2581876"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029922000814"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2024.110203"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020\u2010021\u201000562\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13405"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03398\u201024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jir.s508690"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploring the Mechanism of Action of Ephedra fischeri San in the Treatment of Bovine Mycoplasma Pneumonia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking","author":"Yanan G.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Southwest Journal of Agriculture"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1580436"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.856272"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.619362"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bmc.70293","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T15:49:00Z","timestamp":1766072940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bmc.70293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bmc.70293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bmc.70293","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-3879","1099-0801"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0269-3879"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-0801"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70293"}}