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Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study investigates how serum containing AR\u2010B (AR\u2010B\u2010S) mitigates podocyte injury. Using rats as serum donors, we established an adriamycin (ADR)\u2010induced injury model. The findings indicated that the optimal preparation protocol for AR\u2010B\u2010S was as follows: using serum collected 3.5\u2009h after administration, incubating it at 56\u00b0C for 30\u2009min, and employing a final concentration of 2.5%. Subsequently, compositional analysis using UPLC\u2010MS technology and integrated network pharmacology predicted potential pathways, with more than 30% of AR\u2010B\u2010S targets for amelioration of podocyte injury related to the cell cycle. Furthermore, ADR was shown to facilitate the transition of MPC5 cells from a quiescent to a differentiated state. Additionally, ADR was demonstrated to have the ability to cause mitotic arrest in podocytes, which in turn leads to apoptosis. Conversely, intervention with AR\u2010B\u2010S was found to reverse ADR\u2010induced mitotic arrest through the PI3K\/Akt pathway, reducing podocyte apoptosis. This study showed AR\u2010B\u2010S reduces podocyte damage by regulating the cell cycle, providing a methodological reference for herbal serum preparation and suggesting a new therapeutic target for kidney disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T10:39:40Z","timestamp":1764931180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanistic Insights Into Astragali Radix n\u2010Butanol on Podocyte Injury via Cell Cycle Regulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5793-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiping","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University  Taiyuan Shanxi China"},{"name":"Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University  Taiyuan Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University  Taiyuan Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianyue","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University  Taiyuan Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13429\/j.cnki.cjcr.2018.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2015.00278"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2022.2105641"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Research Status of Serum Pharmacology and Serum Pharmacochemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"10","author":"Chen C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agricultural Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1003\u20100034.2007.01.020"},{"volume-title":"Integrated Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Fangjihuangqi Decoction","year":"2021","author":"Cui W.","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1564847"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000150"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000481633"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0100\u2010879x2001000800003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045\u2010019\u20100808\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20053\/j.issn1001\u20105094.2022.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","unstructured":"He S.2020. \u201cStudy on the Therapeutic Mechanism and Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Aqueous Extract From Huang Qi in the Treatment of ADR Nephropathy.\u201d PhD diss. 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