{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T15:55:20Z","timestamp":1766073320504,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Panax ginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hydrosol, a water\u2010distilled coproduct of ginseng extraction, contains diverse volatile and semi\u2010volatile terpenoids beyond the well\u2010studied ginsenosides. We applied HS\u2010SPME\u2010GC\u2013MS semiquantitative analysis\u2013based network pharmacology approach to systematically characterize the multi\u2010target and multi\u2010pathway potential of 30 principal hydrosol constituents. In silico target prediction (BATMAN\u2010TCM) identified 78 human protein targets, which were integrated with high\u2010confidence protein\u2013protein interactions. Ginsenol is the main volatile component in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Panax ginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hydrosol, followed by sandaracopimarinol, (+)\u2010spathulenol, (\u2212)\u2010spathulenol, isospathulenol, (+)\u2010cycloisolongifol\u20105\u2010ol, and rosifoliol. Minor components include monoterpenes such as alpha\u2010terpineol and menthol, alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons like (\u2212)\u2010globulol and ferruginol. For the top 5 diseases and indications, most strongly supported as target gene explanations based on main components and robust database\u2010backed evidence, pain modulation, neurodegenerative diseases, breast cancer, androgen receptor\u2010related disorders, and autoimmune\u2013metabolic genetic disorders emerge as leading categories. These findings validate a multicomponent, multi\u2010target mechanism underlying\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Panax ginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hydrosol's traditional uses and highlight synergistic interactions that extend the pharmacological landscape beyond ginsenoside\u2010centric models. Our study provides a molecular framework for future experimental validation and rational development of hydrosol\u2010based therapeutics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T15:04:30Z","timestamp":1765897470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HS\u2010SPME\u2010GC\u2013MS\u2010Based Network Pharmacology Analysis of Major Natural Products in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Panax ginseng<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Hydrosol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Sun\u2010Hwi","family":"Bang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hwirim Korean Medicine Hospital  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwa\u2010Seung","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Seoul Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han\u2010Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Korean Medicine Pusan National University  Yangsan Republic of 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