{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T19:54:30Z","timestamp":1773863670421,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82260755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260755"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    \u201cShengma\u2013Gegen Decoction\u201d (SMGGD), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, is composed of four medicinal herbs, namely,\n                    <jats:italic>Cimicifugae<\/jats:italic>\n                    Rhizoma,\n                    <jats:italic>Puerariae Lobatae<\/jats:italic>\n                    Radix,\n                    <jats:italic>Paeoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    Radix Alba, and\n                    <jats:italic>Glycyrrhizae<\/jats:italic>\n                    Radix et Rhizoma, and has been proven effective in alleviating headache symptoms. However, the material basis of its pharmacological effects and the metabolic pathways through which it regulates diseases remain unclear. In this study, ultra\u2010high performance liquid chromatography\u2010quadrupole time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry (UPLC\u2010Q\u2010TOF\u2010MS) was used to detect the aqueous decoction of SMGGD, as well as plasma and brain tissue samples of animals after administration. Combined with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI\u2010MSI), the distribution of brain\u2010penetrating components was analyzed, and the differential endogenous metabolites in brain tissues were enriched. The results showed that a total of 104 chemical components, 39 blood\u2010entering components, and two brain\u2010penetrating components were identified from SMGGD. These two brain\u2010penetrating components were distributed in the prefrontal cortex and thalamus, consistent with the localization of differential metabolites. The differential metabolites were enriched in sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways. This study clarifies the active components of SMGGD for treating migraine and the metabolic pathways it regulates, providing a theoretical basis for its quality standard research, secondary development, and clinical application.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:42Z","timestamp":1769040042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study on the Material Basis and Metabolic Pathways of Shengma\u2013Gegen Decoction in Anti\u2010Migraine Based on UPLC\u2010Q\u2010TOF\u2010MS and DESI\u2010MSI Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5482-4828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenduan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keke","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longjin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine  Nanchang China"},{"name":"National Pharmaceutical Engineering Centre for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine  Nanchang China"},{"name":"National Pharmaceutical Engineering Centre for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13935"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122\u2010022\u201000365\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.691733"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.20240661"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640\u2010020\u201000284\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20102982.2008.01675"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.927611"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.20190713"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194\u2010018\u20100839\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15972\/j.cnki.43\u20101509\/r.2022.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7506\/spkx1002\u20106630\u201020180928\u2010320"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2018.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpns.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13877\/j.cnki.cn22\u20101284.2018.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11669\/cpj.2025.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010physchem\u2010061020\u2010053416"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2024.116446"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12452\/j.fxcsxb.240702186"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001199"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107060"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673\u20105374.235074"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Four Clinical Cases of Sheng ma Gegen Decoction in Practice","volume":"45","author":"Xu X. 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