{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:34:50Z","timestamp":1786977290500,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of\n                    <jats:italic>Fagonia indica<\/jats:italic>\n                    crude methanolic extract (MEFFI) and its aqueous fraction (AQFFI). Phytochemical profiling via gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) identified 19 compounds in MEFFI and 11 in AQFFI. Predominant constituents in MEFFI included n\u2010hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, phytol, and 2\u2010butoxyethanol, while AQFFI was rich in 4\u2010O\u2010methylmannose, thiocyanic acid ethyl ester, and thiophene derivatives\u2014compounds associated with diverse biological activities, including modulation of intestinal motility. Pharmacological evaluation revealed dose\u2010dependent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), indicating neuroprotective potential. In antioxidant assays, MEFFI exhibited stronger radical scavenging activity (IC\u2085\u2080\u2009=\u2009222 for DPPH and 230\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for ABTS) compared to AQFFI. Acute toxicity assessment in pigeons confirmed safety of both extracts at doses up to 2\u2009g\/kg. In\u00a0vivo experiments revealed that AQFFI significantly enhanced gastrointestinal transit (83.87%), demonstrating prokinetic activity, whereas MEFFI exhibited pronounced laxative effects in constipation models. Both extracts also produced dose\u2010dependent spasmolytic effects on isolated rabbit jejunum. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of\n                    <jats:italic>F. indica<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts in managing gastrointestinal motility disorders and support further mechanistic studies to correlate the specific phytochemicals with their observed laxative and spasmolytic activities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T13:31:02Z","timestamp":1769175062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Phytochemical Characterization of\n                    <i>Fagonia indica<\/i>\n                    and Functional Evaluation of Its Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Gut\u2010Modulating Properties"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Aafia","family":"Sharif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Islamia College Peshawar  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshad","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Islamia College Peshawar  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5584-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atta\u00a0Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Islamia College Peshawar  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaz\u00a0Ali","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Islamia College Peshawar  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumaira","family":"Tabassum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany Islamia College Peshawar  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid\u00a0Rehman","family":"Hakeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Zari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al\u2010Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanveer\u00a0Bilal","family":"Pirzadah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioresources University of Kashmir  Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X1300800628"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2019.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55604-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"529","article-title":"Evaluation of Antipyretic Activity of Some Medicinal Plants From Cholistan Desert, Pakistan","volume":"29","author":"Alam M. 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