{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:13:43Z","timestamp":1792466023399,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Vitex negundo<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    L. (Verbenaceae) is a well\u2010known medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory, microbial, and oxidative stress\u2013related disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate antibacterial and antioxidant activities of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Vitex negundo<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    leaf extracts, along with their chemical characterization using Fourier transform infrared (FT\u2010IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS). Antibacterial activity of acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts was assessed by agar well diffusion method against four bacterial strains. The acetone extract exhibited notable antibacterial activity, particularly against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Antioxidant potential was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, where acetone and methanol extracts demonstrated the highest activity in a dose\u2010dependent manner. FT\u2010IR analysis confirmed the presence of various functional groups associated with bioactive compounds. GC\u2013MS profiling identified 24 compounds in the acetone extract and 20 compounds in the methanol extract, with major constituents such as isoambreinolide, catechol, n\u2010hexadecanoic acid, kojic acid, karanjin, and phytol, many of which are known for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory properties. Overall, the findings indicate that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Vitex negundo<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    leaves are rich in bioactive phytochemicals and possess significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities, supporting their traditional medicinal use and highlighting their potential for pharmaceutical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T23:34:17Z","timestamp":1769038457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chemical Characterization and In\u00a0Vitro Bioactivities of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Vitex negundo<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Leaf Extracts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8317-5492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priyadarshini\u00a0S.","family":"Shettar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology Karnatak University  Dharwad Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(89)90007-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10406638.2021.1962923"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(92)80485-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269\u2010022\u201000818\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25071554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470027318.a5606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002617"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ijbcs.v11i5.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtusci.2015.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010018\u20104421\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17043902"},{"issue":"1250","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"GC\u2010MS Profiling of Phytocompounds in the Leaves of Vitex negundo L","volume":"125","author":"Kaliyannagounder S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Larvicidal Efficacy of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"27","author":"Kamaraj C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tropical Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(13)60038-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"196","article-title":"Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Physalis minima Leaves Using GC\u2010MS, HPLC, UV\u2010VIS and FT\u2010IR Techniques","volume":"3","author":"Karpagasundari C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"Evaluation of Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Study of Extracts of Vitex negundo Linn","volume":"4","author":"Keerti G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.44610"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(01)86747-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119312468"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470114735"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.135762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np040102t"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.11.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26030559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360\u20101385(97)01018\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202100061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010\u2010022\u201004217\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32592\/ARI.2024.79.2.426"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2020.112641"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.10.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2024.2312542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Ginger Extract Ameliorates Paraben Induced Biochemical Changes in Liver and Kidney of Mice","volume":"64","author":"Verma R. J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/colloids9050055"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Volatile Components of Minuartia meyeri","volume":"30","author":"Yayli N.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2023.104719"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np900320e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2009.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2008.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-0661"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bmc.70361","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bmc.70361","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bmc.70361","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T12:25:39Z","timestamp":1773836739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bmc.70361"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bmc.70361"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bmc.70361","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-3879","1099-0801"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-3879","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0801","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70361"}}