{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:36:31Z","timestamp":1786977391441,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The medicinal plant\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Tribulus terrestris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    L. (TT) contains antioxidant and pharmacologically active phenolic compounds. However, extraction procedures can greatly affect extract yield, composition and biological activity. This study evaluated how conventional and advanced extraction methods affected TT extracts' phenolic content and antioxidant activity. TT was extracted using maceration, Soxhlet, ultrasound\u2010assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave\u2010assisted extraction (MAE) with ethanol\u2013water solvent systems applied for different extraction times. The extracts were assessed for total phenolic content (TPC), total phenolic acid content (TPAC) and antioxidant capacity through 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Phenolic acid composition was analysed by HPLC. TPC values ranged between 27.66 and 37.98\u2009mg GAE\/g and TPAC between 8.273 and 24.337\u2009mg CAE\/g. Antioxidant activity (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) varied from 0.1132 to 0.1904\u2009mg\/mL, with UAE (80:20, 10\u2009min) demonstrating the highest DPPH activity. CUPRAC and FRAP values extended from 97.462 to 308.769\u2009mg TE\/g and 8.917\u201317.291\u2009mg TE\/g, respectively, with UAE consistently yielding the most active extracts. HPLC detected eight phenolic acids, with protocatechuic acid (2.794\u2009mg\/g extract) being the most abundant, followed by\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010coumaric, chlorogenic and caffeic acids. The extraction method affected the TT extracts' phenolic content and antioxidant capability. The UAE produced the highest phenolic\u2010rich and bioactive extract. To maximise\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. terrestris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ' phytochemical and nutraceutical potential, extraction procedures need to be optimised.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T07:43:14Z","timestamp":1771832594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Extraction Methods for Optimising Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Tribulus terrestris<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8241-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tu\u011fba","family":"Idu\u011f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy Istanbul Medipol University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8384-7647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hikmet\u00a0G\u00fclben","family":"G\u00fc\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy Istanbul Medipol University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy Istanbul University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8024-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u015f\u0131k","family":"\u00c7elik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy Istanbul University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4121-588X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00dcmit\u00a0Can","family":"Erim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry Istanbul Medipol University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1566-4806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00fcseyin\u00a0Onur","family":"Tuncay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Istanbul University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ANTIOX11061160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2020.137969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/IJP.2018.248.259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/JF048741X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15244\/PJOES\/111240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHROMA.2011.02.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RINENG.2024.102892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0023\u20106438(95)80008\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S12011\u2010024\u201004095\u20107\/FIGURES\/8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.LWT.2022.114395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973\u20107847.125530"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"493","volume-title":"Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands","author":"Coode M. 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