{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T14:18:45Z","timestamp":1776262725803,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81903778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81903778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    American ginseng (\n                    <jats:italic>Panax quinquefolium<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that has been used in China for hundreds of years. The significant hypoglycemic activity of American ginseng has made it widely used in health food as a valuable medicinal herb with homologous origin. However, its effect and mechanism of improving insulin resistance (IR) remain unclear. In the present study, an IR\u2010HepG2 cells model induced by high concentrations of insulin was constructed and treated with ethanol extract of dried American ginseng (EDAG) at different concentrations to reveal the in\u00a0vitro ameliorative effect of EDAG on IR by monitoring glucose consumption, glycogen content, triglyceride (TG) content, and total cholesterol (TC) content of the cells. The cell metabolite changes were tracked by liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (LC\u2010MS)\u2010based metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis, the metabolic biomarkers and related metabolic pathways were analyzed, and further elucidate its mechanism of action. The results showed that treatment with EDAG increased glucose consumption and glycogen content, and decreased intracellular TC and TG content in IR\u2010HepG2 cells to different degrees. The results of cell metabolomics indicated that EDAG treatment reversed metabolic disorders by regulating sphingolipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism, etc. The present study explored the in\u00a0vitro IR improvement mechanism of EDAG based on the LC\u2010MS cell metabolomics approach, which confirms the great potential of LC\u2010MS technology in the evaluation of drug efficacy and can be an effective tool for the related analysis of other Chinese herbal medicines.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T03:24:52Z","timestamp":1775445892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolomics Reveals the Mechanism of American Ginseng in Alleviating Insulin Resistance by Reversing Metabolic Disorders in HepG2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Ginseng Academy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Ginseng Academy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9208-586X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Ginseng Academy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3513-4255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Ginseng Academy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2582-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Ginseng Academy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9785-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Ginseng Academy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8815-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Ginseng Academy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7986-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunlong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Ginseng Academy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9020034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12060508"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2014.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201019666180410112439"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Mechanism Studies Underlying the Alleviatory Effects of Isoliquiritigenin on Abnormal Glucolipid Metabolism Triggered by Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"59","author":"Chen Z. 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