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Their flowers are often discarded, resulting in resource wastage. Therefore, non\u2010targeted metabolomics technology was employed to characterize the chemical composition of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Z.\u2009jujuba<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Mill. var.\n                    <jats:italic>spinosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    flowers. Network pharmacology was then utilized to explore their medicinal active components and mechanisms of action, which were validated through molecular docking and in\u00a0vitro anti\u2010inflammatory experiments. Results revealed that 3851 metabolites were identified in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Z.\u2009jujuba<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Mill. var.\n                    <jats:italic>spinosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    flowers, with 23 potential compounds screened. Among these, 212 targets were directly involved in inflammatory responses. KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that\n                    <jats:italic>Z. jujuba<\/jats:italic>\n                    Mill. var.\n                    <jats:italic>spinosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    flowers may exert anti\u2010inflammatory effects through the TNF signaling pathway, Toll\u2010like receptor signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, and hypoxia\u2010inducible factor\u20101 pathway. Molecular docking results indicated that active components in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Z.\u2009jujuba<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Mill. var.\n                    <jats:italic>spinosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    flowers exhibit good binding affinity with key inflammatory targets. In\u00a0vitro anti\u2010inflammatory assays validated that the ethanol extract of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Z.\u2009jujuba<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Mill. var.\n                    <jats:italic>spinosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    flowers reduces the expression of TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20106, thereby alleviating inflammation. This study preliminarily demonstrates that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Z.\u2009jujuba<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Mill. var.\n                    <jats:italic>spinosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    flowers contain anti\u2010inflammatory active components, and the associated bioactive substances hold potential for development into anti\u2010inflammatory drugs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T06:28:32Z","timestamp":1776752912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unveiling the Anti\u2010Inflammatory Mechanism of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Ziziphus jujuba<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Mill. var.\n                    <i>spinosa<\/i>\n                    Flowers: Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Experimental Validation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Jinan China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Jinan China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuicui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Jinan China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Jinan 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