{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:12:36Z","timestamp":1778821956126,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end\u2010stage renal disease, with current treatments failing to halt progression, creating demand for better interventions.\n                    <jats:italic>Astragalus membranaceus<\/jats:italic>\n                    shows promise for DN, and microbial fermentation enhances herbal bioavailability and efficacy. This study compared fermented\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. membranaceus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    broth (FA) and its aqueous extract (EA) in streptozotocin\u2010induced DN rats, with 8\u2010week low\/medium\/high\u2010dose treatment. FA outperformed EA in improving metabolic parameters and renal function: superior body weight recovery, greater reductions in fasting blood glucose, serum BUN, ALT, and TG, enhanced renal antioxidant capacity (elevated SOD\/GSH\u2010Px and reduced MDA), and alleviated glomerular\/tubular injury and interstitial inflammation. Chemical profiling identified 14 FA bioactive components; network pharmacology revealed core targets (STAT3, IL6, and TGFB1) and key pathways (AGE\u2010RAGE, HIF\u20101, and FoxO). Fermentation boosts\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. membranaceus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    efficacy in DN via better active constituent bioavailability, conferring stronger antioxidant, metabolic, and renoprotective effects, making FA a promising therapeutic and bioprocessing a strategy to upgrade traditional herbs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T01:45:58Z","timestamp":1776735958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Superior In\u00a0Vivo Efficacy of Fermented Over Aqueous\n                    <i>Astragalus membranaceus<\/i>\n                    in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Pharmacological Evaluation and Mechanistic Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CangZhou Medical College  Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangzhe","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CangZhou Medical College  Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huizhen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CangZhou Medical College  Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shufeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CangZhou Medical College  Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CangZhou Medical College  Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CangZhou Medical College  Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1598-351X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CangZhou Medical College  Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933\u2010023\u201001965\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201033969\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117576"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.115940"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.122.000560"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028747"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8878569"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2021.0329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13885\/j.issn.1000\u20102812.2024.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875\u20105364(23)60429\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.116086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154522"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010023\u201005964\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI165654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2022.127054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154667"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030950"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255\u2010022\u201003319\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.71648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2019.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117734"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"Yang F.2020. \u201cStudy on the Protective Effect and Mechanism of Radix astragali\u2010Paecilomyces cicadae Solid Fermentation Product Against Diabetic Nephropathy [Master's thesis]. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.26973\/d.cnki.gbjzu.2020.000165."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X23500519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.816400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2019.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418\u2010024\u201001365\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1173933"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116306"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bmc.70449","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bmc.70449","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bmc.70449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:51:04Z","timestamp":1778820664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bmc.70449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bmc.70449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bmc.70449","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-3879","1099-0801"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-3879","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0801","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70449"}}