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In this study, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and 70% ethanol extracts prepared from the aerial parts were comparatively evaluated by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) and liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS), and their in\u00a0vitro antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and DNA interaction properties were investigated. LC\u2013MS\/MS profiling of the ethyl acetate, ethanol, and 70% ethanol extracts revealed marked solvent\u2010dependent differences in phenolic composition, with the 70% ethanol extract containing the highest amounts of rosmarinic acid (8.858\u2009mg\/g), astragalin (4.551\u2009mg\/g), and nicotiflorin (3.874\u2009mg\/g). The GC\u2013MS analysis showed that the primary constituents of the chloroform extract were 5\u2010eicosene (25.30%), 1\u2010octadecene (19.82%), and octacosanol (14.85%). The ethyl acetate extract mainly included 9\u2010octadecenoic acid methyl ester (35.11%), methyl palmitate (25.05%), and methyl stearate (11.35%). Among all tested extracts, the 70% ethanol extract exhibited the strongest 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical\u2010scavenging activity (78.10% at 200\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) and the highest \u03b1\u2010glucosidase inhibition (61.45% at 200\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), whereas effects against \u03b1\u2010amylase, tyrosinase, and elastase were weak. In agarose gel electrophoresis assays, the 70% ethanol extract did not induce DNA strand breaks and protected pBR322 plasmid DNA against hydroxyl radical\u2010induced oxidative damage. These results suggest that hydroethanolic extraction more effectively recovers phenolics linked to antioxidant, \u03b1\u2010glucosidase inhibitory, and DNA\u2010protective effects in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. italicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:58:02Z","timestamp":1781175482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Solvent\u2010Dependent GC\u2013MS and LC\u2013MS\/MS Phytochemical Profiling of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Echium italicum<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    L. Aerial Part Extracts and In\u00a0Vitro Enzyme Inhibitory and DNA\u2010Protective Effects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0803-2886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130\u00e7im","family":"G\u00f6kkaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy Karadeniz Technical University  Trabzon T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences Ankara University  Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8553-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6k\u00e7e","family":"Seyhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Karadeniz Technical University  Trabzon T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry (Pharmacy) Karadeniz Technical University  Trabzon T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6837-2650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u00e7in","family":"G\u00fcney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy Karadeniz Technical University  Trabzon T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5950-587X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ceren","family":"Bo\u011fu\u015flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Karadeniz Technical University  Trabzon T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry (Pharmacy) Karadeniz Technical University  Trabzon T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4090-7227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa Abdullah","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dicle University Science and Technology Research and Application Center  Diyarbakir T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry Dicle University  Diyarbakir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7441-8771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak","family":"Barut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Karadeniz Technical University  Trabzon T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6323-0338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fclin","family":"Renda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Karadeniz Technical University  Trabzon T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Farmakodental Health Products and Consulting Services Industry Trade Limited Company, Trabzon Technopark (Trabzon Technology Development Zone)  Trabzon T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"741","article-title":"Identification and Determination of Phytosterols in Oilseeds of Some Populations From Two Iranian Echium Species","volume":"28","author":"Abbaszadeh S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22092\/ari.2021.356072.1770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2020.101196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.05.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11091131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62313\/ijpbp.2025.259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2018.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2015.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/phrev.phrev_13_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjps.galenos.2018.28247"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jorganchem.2020.121423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2020.128502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2025.144992"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"836","article-title":"Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activity of Echium italicum L. 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