{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:50:37Z","timestamp":1791982237802,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Given the widespread reliance on insulin among diabetic patients, ensuring its stability is an essential task not only for preserving its therapeutic efficacy but also for safeguarding patient health and safety. In addition, insulin storage practices were frequently misunderstood that may compromise drug potency. Moreover, there were discrepancies in the shelf lives of the different insulin products offered in Tunisia. Therefore, two analytical methods for the analysis of insulin using high\u2010performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detector (HPLC\u2010UV) and zinc using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) in Tunisian marketed pharmaceutical product\u2010based insulin were employed. Then the stability of these products was assessed. The study showed good insulin stability at neutral pH exposed to daylight for at least 30\u2009days at 25\u00b0C, whereas instability was revealed only in diluted solutions at pH\u20092. Our work highlights the necessity for a more comprehensive evaluation of insulin stability, particularly under conditions where consistent refrigeration is not feasible. Such an assessment is essential to inform practical storage guidelines and ensure therapeutic efficacy in resource\u2010limited settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:44:47Z","timestamp":1791204287000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Validation of Two Analytical Methods Using High\u2010Performance Liquid Chromatography and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Tunisian Marketed Pharmaceutical Product\u2010Based Insulin and Zinc: Application in Routine Stability Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6243-5894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majdi","family":"Ben Messaoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir Laboratory for the Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacology Development of Medicines LR12ES09  Monastir Tunisia"},{"name":"Biochemistry Department Sahloul University Hospital  Sousse Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarra","family":"Mahfoudhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir Laboratory for the Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacology Development of Medicines LR12ES09  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorra","family":"Amor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department Sahloul University Hospital  Sousse Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology Applied to Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases, Hereditary Nephropathies and Pharmacogenetics LR12SP11 Sahloul University Hospital  Sousse Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1315-0871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassine","family":"Mokni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir Laboratory for the Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacology Development of Medicines LR12ES09  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5085-4766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaouther","family":"Louati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir Laboratory for the Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacology Development of Medicines LR12ES09  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6045-0914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaouther","family":"Zribi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir Laboratory for the Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacology Development of Medicines LR12ES09  Monastir Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology H\u00e9di Chaker University Hospital Sfax  Sfax Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0537-5384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asma","family":"Omezzine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department Sahloul University Hospital  Sousse Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology Applied to Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases, Hereditary Nephropathies and Pharmacogenetics LR12SP11 Sahloul University Hospital  Sousse Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0765-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fathi","family":"Safta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir Laboratory for the Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacology Development of Medicines LR12ES09  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2014.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0412"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"The Internal Secretion of the Pancreas","volume":"45","author":"Banting F. G.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Chemical Stability of Insulin. 3. Influence of Excipients, Formulation, and pH","volume":"4","author":"Brange J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Pharmaceutica Nordica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534\u2010005\u20103685\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"European Pharmacopoeia.2023. \u201cInsulin Preparations Injectable (Monograph 0854).\u201d Strasbourg France: Council of Europe."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Insulin Preparations","volume":"73","author":"Fisher A. 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