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This review highlights recent advances in LC strategies from reversed\u2010phase high\u2010performance liquid chromatography to ultrahigh\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry; across three interconnected domains: formulation physicochemical characterization, aerodynamic particle size distribution determination, and comprehensive in\u00a0vitro performance testing. We critically evaluated how LC\u2010based quantification enables simultaneous active pharmaceutical ingredient and impurity profiling, dissolution kinetics assessment, and regional deposition mapping, with method validation data demonstrating linearity spanning three to four orders of magnitude and limits of detection as low as 5\u2009pg\/mL. Notably, we highlighted the mechanistic discrimination of erosion\u2013vs. diffusion\u2010controlled release enabled by simultaneous active pharmaceutical ingredient\u2010polymer dissolution profiling and established quantitative correlations between particle size and systemic bioavailability. The review identified persistent challenges in biorelevant dissolution standardization and device\u2010formulation interaction modeling while proposing integrated frameworks for bioequivalence prediction. This comprehensive perspective positions LC not merely as an analytical tool but as the central bridge connecting formulation properties, aerosol performance, and therapeutic outcomes, offering actionable insights for regulatory evaluation in respiratory drug delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T04:18:22Z","timestamp":1786162702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chromatographic Characterization of Nasal and Inhalation Drug Products: A Review of Liquid Chromatography Strategies for Formulation Assessment, Particle Size Correlation, and In\u00a0Vitro Performance Testing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3409-9554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveen","family":"Madamsetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Miilipore Sigma  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9955-4163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manohar","family":"Aele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ModernaTX  Norwood Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9826-8296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikram","family":"Godishala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Vaagdevi Degree and P.G. 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